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原始压力下降油田一次采油量递减时,通常采用注水提高产油量。通过向指定的井(注水井)注水将某些油层中的剩余油驱向该注水井四周的其它井(生产井)的技术通常称为二次采油,它可贡献原始石油地质储量的50%。这一技术是以往油产量递减的老油藏的首选,如今已开始成为注流体开发新井优化采收率的共用技术。为此,“二次采油”这一说法正被更普及的术语“注水”所替代。水驱效率主要取决于岩石和流体的性能。通常油藏的非均质性会使水驱效率变差(例如,渗透性阻碍或高的渗透性通道都会抑制好的水驱效果)(国际原子能机构,2001)。油田中发现的多数结垢都是储集岩中的自然水沉淀形成,或两种不相容的水在井中相遇时含有沉淀物的过饱和产出水沉淀而成。该项研究旨在将示踪剂技术确立为结垢实验和储层非均质性油层评价的可靠的资料来源。Ca~(2+)在砂岩层一系列的钙质结垢实验中,被用作监控CaCO_3沉淀的示踪剂。研究结果表明,孔隙介质的结垢实验中,首次引进示踪剂技术获得了成功。
The original pressure drop Oilfield once the oil production decreases, the water is usually used to increase oil production. The technique of driving remaining oil from some reservoirs to other wells (production wells) around the injection well by injecting water into a designated well (injection well), commonly referred to as secondary recovery, can contribute up to 50% of the original petroleum geological reserve . This technology, the preferred choice of older reservoirs with diminishing oil production, has now begun to become a common technology for optimizing the recovery of new wells in fluid injection. For this reason, the phrase “secondary recovery” is being replaced by the more general term “water injection.” Waterflood efficiency depends mainly on rock and fluid properties. Reservoir heterogeneity often leads to poor waterflooding efficiency (eg, permeability barriers or highly permeable channels can inhibit good waterflooding effects) (International Atomic Energy Agency, 2001). Most fouling found in oilfields is the formation of natural water deposits in reservoir rocks or the precipitation of supersaturated produced water containing sediments when two incompatible fluids meet in the well. The study aimed to establish tracer technology as a reliable source of data for fouling experiments and reservoir heterogeneity reservoir evaluation. Ca 2+ is used as a tracer to monitor the precipitation of CaCO_3 in a series of calcareous scaling experiments in sandstone. The results show that the first introduction of tracer technology was successful in the scaling experiments of porous media.