目的对有手足口病接触史的儿童进行预防用药,观察不同药物的预防效果,为手足口病的防治提供科学依据。方法 2010年4月~2012年10月期间,在手足口病流行季节发病集中地区,在济南市、菏泽市和成武县选择符合纳入标准的儿童1 106例,分别分为预防组和空白组,用中药和重组人干扰素α-1b进行预防观察,疗程为7d。投药后观察随访4周,统计发病率等指标。结果调查对象中,手足口病发病率为16.73%(185/1 106);手足口患者的皮疹同时出现在手、足和口腔部位占48.65%(90/185);重症病例发病率为1.99%(22/1 106)。济南市、菏泽市和成武县三地儿童预防组与空白组儿童手足口病发病情况比较,预防组手足口病发病率、皮疹出现率、重症病例发病率均低于空白组(P<0.05)。结论预防用中药和重组人干扰素α-1b能显著降低手足口病发病率,减少患病者皮疹出现率和降低重症病例发病率。 Objective To prevent prophylaxis of children with history of hand-foot-mouth disease and to observe the preventive effect of different drugs so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of hand-foot-mouth disease. Methods From April 2010 to October 2012, a total of 1 106 children who met the inclusion criteria were selected in Jinan, Heze City and Chengwu County during the season of HFMD. They were divided into prevention group and blank group , With Chinese medicine and recombinant human interferon alpha-1b for prevention, treatment for 7d. After 4 weeks of observation, the incidence rate and other indicators were statistically analyzed. Results The incidence of hand-foot-mouth disease was 16.73% (185/1 106). The rash of hand-foot-mouth patients accounted for 48.65% (90/185) in the hands, feet and oral cavity at the same time. The incidence of severe cases was 1.99% (22/1 106). The incidence of hand-foot-mouth disease, the incidence of rash and the incidence of severe cases in preventive group were lower than those in blank group (P <0.05), compared with the incidence of hand-foot-mouth disease in children’s prevention group and blank group in Ji’nan, Heze and Chengwu ). Conclusion Prevention of Chinese medicine and recombinant human interferon α-1b can significantly reduce the incidence of hand-foot-mouth disease, reduce the incidence of rash and reduce the incidence of severe cases.