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为了研究黄土区农林复合系统土壤养分的空间分布及效应,对山西吉县残塬面核桃×花生、核桃×大豆和核桃×玉米3种典型果农间作类型下0～100cm土层中土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷和速效钾进行了测定和分析。结果表明:1)3种间作类型土壤养分的空间分布特征具有一定的相似性。在垂直方向上,土壤养分含量随土层深度的增加而减少,并且距果树越远,土壤养分的垂直递减梯度越小;在水平方向上,离果树越近,土壤养分越少。2)效应分析结果表明,间作系统中果树与作物存在竞争,间作系统中作物土壤养分的综合效应优劣说明间作作物以花生为最佳、大豆其次、玉米最差。根据研究结果提出了研究区果农间作系统减少土壤养分竞争的相关建议:加强水肥管理、增加果树和作物的间作距离、设置根障。
In order to study the spatial distribution and effect of soil nutrients in the agroforestry system in the Loess Plateau, the soil organic matter (OM) in 0 ~ 100cm soil layer of three typical types of intercropping in walnut × peanut, walnut × soybean and walnut × maize Nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were measured and analyzed. The results showed that: 1) The spatial distribution characteristics of soil nutrients of three intercropping types had certain similarities. In the vertical direction, the soil nutrient content decreased with the increase of soil depth, and the farther away from the fruit tree, the smaller the soil nutrient vertical decreasing gradient; in the horizontal direction, the closer to the fruit tree, the less soil nutrients. 2) The results of the effect analysis showed that there existed competition between fruit trees and crops in the intercropping system, and the comprehensive effect of the crop soil nutrients in the intercropping system showed that the peanut was the best among the intercropping crops, followed by the soybean and the corn with the worst. According to the research results, some suggestions are put forward to reduce the competition of soil nutrients in the inter-crop farming system: strengthen the management of water and fertilizer, increase the intercropping distance between fruit trees and crops, and set up the root barrier.