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为了观察补阳还五汤（BYHWD）的钙拮抗作用对实验性脑水肿（BE）细胞超微结构变化的影响，以夹闭左颈外、枕、翼腭动脉，向左颈总动脉顺血流方向注入百日咳菌液（PV）致大鼠BE模型，从阴茎静脉注入BYHWD或生理盐水作对照，PV注射后4h处死动物，测定脑组织水、钙、丙二醛（MDA）含量和超氧化物歧化酶活性，并用电镜观察脑组织细胞超微结构的变化。结果BE时脑含水量与脑组织钙含量的增加呈正相关（r=0．9187，P＜0．01），BYHWD使脑毛细血管周围星形胶质细胞突与神经元内线粒体的肿胀减粒，脑组织钙含量减少，MDA含量降低，SOD活性升高。提示BYHWD可通过抑制氧自由基连锁反应，维持细胞内Ca2+稳态，减轻由胞浆内Ca2+积聚引起的血脑屏障与脑细胞及其细胞器损伤。
In order to observe the effect of calcium antagonism of BYHWD on the ultrastructural changes of experimental brain edema (BE) cells, the external left cervix, occipital and pterygopalatine arteries were clipped, and the left common carotid artery was blunt. Perfusion of pertussis bacilli (PV)-induced BE model was induced in the flow direction. BYHWD or saline was injected into the penile vein as a control. Animals were sacrificed 4 h after PV injection to determine brain tissue water, calcium, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxidation. Dismutase activity was observed and the ultrastructure of brain cells was observed by electron microscopy. Results The brain water content in BE was positively correlated with the increase of calcium content in brain tissue (r=0.9187, P<0.01). BYHWD caused astrocyte protrusion around brain capillaries and mitochondrial swelling reduction in neurons. Calcium content in brain tissue decreased, MDA content decreased, and SOD activity increased. It is suggested that BYHWD can maintain the intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis by inhibiting the oxygen radical chain reaction, and reduce the damage of blood-brain barrier, brain cells and organelles caused by intracellular Ca2+ accumulation.