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目的探讨2009~2013年四川省少数民族地区卫生资源配置的变化趋势及公平性。方法应用个体间差异(Gini系数,绝对公平性)和个体-均数差异(变异系数,相对公平性)指标对四川省4类少数民族地区及其内部的卫生资源(医师、护士、病床数)的人口公平性和土地面积公平性进行探索。结果少数民族地区卫生资源增长较慢,尤其是卫生人才较为缺乏。相比医师和床位,护士资源配置的公平性问题更为突出。人口公平性优于土地面积公平性。在4类民族地区中,阿坝州卫生资源配置的人口和土地面积公平性均较高。凉山州按人口配置的医师和床位较为合理,但护士配置相对较差。其他地区按人口配置的护士和床位的绝对公平性差。结论卫生资源的合理配置可促进卫生发展水平,但民族地区的卫生资源配置整体缺乏合理性,政府及相关单位需结合民族地区的属性综合采取多方面措施进一步优化卫生资源配置。
Objective To explore the changing trend and fairness of the distribution of health resources in ethnic minority areas in Sichuan from 2009 to 2013. Methods The health resources (physicians, nurses, number of beds) in four ethnic minority areas and their internal resources in Sichuan Province were analyzed using the difference between individuals (Gini coefficient, absolute fairness) and individual-mean difference (coefficient of variation, relative fairness) The fairness of population and the fairness of land area. As a result, health resources in ethnic minority areas grew more slowly, especially for health professionals. Compared with doctors and beds, the issue of fairness of resource allocation of nurses is more prominent. The fairness of population is superior to the fairness of land area. Among the four ethnic areas, the population and land area in the allocation of health resources in Aba Prefecture are fairly high. Liangshan Prefecture, according to population allocation of physicians and beds more reasonable, but the nurse is relatively poor configuration. The absolute fairness of nurses and bedspaces by population in other areas is poor. Conclusion The rational allocation of health resources can promote the level of health development. However, the overall lack of rationality in the allocation of health resources in ethnic areas, the government and relevant units need to take various measures to further optimize the allocation of health resources in combination with the attributes of ethnic regions.