The concept of using biological process in soil improvement which is known as bio-mediated soil improvement technique has shown greater potential in geotechnical engineering applications in terms of performance and environmental sustainability.This paper presents a review on the soil microorganisms responsible for this process,and factors that affect their metabolic activities and geometric compatibility with the soil particle sizes.Two mechanisms of biomineralization,i.e.biologically controlled and biologically induced mineralization,were also discussed.Environmental and other factors that may be encountered in situ during microbially induced calcite precipitation(MICP) and their influences on the process were identified and presented.Improvements in the engineering properties of soil such as strength/stiffness and permeability as evaluated in some studies were explored.Potential applications of the process in geotechnical engineering and the challenges of field application of the process were identified. The concept of using biological processes in soil improvement which is known as bio-mediated soil improvement techniques has shown greater potential in geotechnical engineering applications in terms of performance and environmental sustainability.This paper presents a review on the soil microorganisms responsible for this process, and factors that affect their metabolic activities and geometric compatibility with the soil particle sizes. Two mechanisms of biomineralization, iebiologically controlled and biologically induced mineralization, were also discussed. Environmental and other factors that may be encountered in situ during microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) and their influences on the process are identified and presented. MPs in the engineering properties of soil such as strength / stiffness and permeability as evaluated in some studies were explored. Potential applications of the process in geotechnical engineering and the challenges of field application of the pro cess were identified.