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书画文物由于组成多为有机质成分,自身抵抗环境变化能力比较差,容易被霉菌污染而产生霉斑。通过对古代书画文物霉斑上的霉菌进行分离鉴定,可以更好地了解污染古代书画文物的霉菌的特性。本实验对分离于古代书画文物表面霉斑处的22株真菌进行纯化培养,采用真菌ITS区rDNA序列进行进化分析,并通过形态分析和菌丝的显微观察进一步验证了实验的结果,确定了引起古代书画文物污染的霉菌是由多种霉菌共同作用的结果,其中包括烟曲霉、棒曲霉、意大利青霉和黑曲霉等。根据这些霉菌的生长和繁殖特性提出了相关的控制措施,以达到抑制霉菌微生物的生长,使书画文物得到妥善保护。
Due to the composition of painting and calligraphy and more organic matter composition, its ability to resist changes in the environment is relatively poor, susceptible to fungal contamination and mildew. Through the separation and identification of fungi on the ancient calligraphy and painting artifacts mildew, we can better understand the characteristics of mildew that pollute the ancient calligraphy and painting artifacts. In this experiment, 22 fungi isolated from the surface spots of ancient paintings and calligraphy were purified and cultured. The rDNA sequences of fungi were used for evolutionary analysis. The morphological analysis and microscopic observation of mycelium were used to further verify the experimental results. Molds that cause pollution of ancient calligraphy and painting artifacts are the result of a combination of molds, including Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium italicum and Aspergillus niger. Based on the growth and reproduction characteristics of these molds, relevant control measures are put forward to prevent the growth of mold microorganisms and to protect the calligraphy and painting artifacts properly.