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城镇化浪潮对中国基于户籍的属地化管理和公共资源配置带来了巨大挑战,也在大城市引发了本地户籍人口与外来人口之间的新“土客”之争。本文认为土客矛盾的本质是一个利益协调和公共资源再配置的问题,以简单的“公民权”宣示无益于问题的真正解决。本研究基于大规模抽样调查数据呈现“土客”双方民意诉求,探索化解特大城市土客矛盾的现实路径。文章区分了“土客”双方对市民权性质三种不同类型的理解,分析户籍人口对外来人口人群接纳的“极化”特征,提出在特大城市承载力相对不足的前提下,外来人口吸纳应采取不同人群“差异化接纳”和权益领域“差别化开放”的个体化赋权路径,以逐步实现社会权益的均等化。
The wave of urbanization has posed great challenges to China’s census-based management of territories and the allocation of public resources. It has also triggered a new “turk” dispute between the local census register and the migrant population in large cities. This paper argues that the nature of the contradiction between the earth and the earth is a matter of coordination of interests and the reallocation of public resources. Using simple “civil rights” to declare is not conducive to the real solution to the problem. Based on the large-scale sampling survey data, this study presents the public opinion demands of both “earth and land” and explores the practical path to resolve the contradiction between earth and land in megalopolises. The article distinguishes “earth ” ’s understanding of three different types of civil rights and analyzes the “polarization ” characteristics of the household population to the population of immigrants. Based on the premise of the relative insufficiency of metropolitan capacity, Indigenous population should take the path of individualized empowerment of different groups “differentiated admission ” and areas of “differentiation and opening up ” so as to gradually realize the equalization of social rights and interests.