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自1964年以来,南京林学院和福建省林业厅林木种苗公司合作,开展了杉木遗传改良工作。20年的实践证明,按我们所制定的原则标准和方法,在现有杉木人工林分中进行选择,其遗传增益是明显的。在闽中、闽西北地区,应用杉木普通无性系种子园的种子造林,在相同的立地条件和经营管理下,立木材积生长量平均增长15％,优良家系可增长50％以上,而且抗杉木针叶炭疽病的能力也有所提高。早期在福建洋口林场营建的种子园,预计到1985年可满足建阳地区每年十五万亩人工更新造林用种。随着普通种子园种子产量的提高与造林面积的扩大,杉木遗传改良将会取得更大的经济效益。 七十年代中期,我们致力于杉木第二代改良的准备工作。八十年代初,进行了第二代改良的选优和育种园、种子园的营建工作。目前,育种园中收集第二代育种材料350株,部分已进入始花期。1984年将完成第二代种子园的嫁接工作。随着杉木遗传改良工作的深入,在理论和实践上都面临着一些基本的而又是十分重要的问题,现就这些问题探讨于后。
Since 1964, Nanjing Forestry College has cooperated with Forest Tree Seedling Company of Fujian Provincial Forestry Department to carry out the genetic improvement of Chinese fir. The 20 years of practice have proved that according to the principle standards and methods we have established, the selection of existing Chinese fir plantations has obvious genetic gain. In Minzhong and Northwest Fujian, the seedling afforestation of Cunninghamia lanceolata common clonal seed orchard was applied. Under the same site conditions and management, the volume of standing timber volume increased by 15% on average and that of elite families increased by 50% The ability of leaf anthracnose also increased. The early seed orchard built in Yangkou Forest Farm in Fujian Province is expected to meet the requirement of planting more than 150,000 mu of artificial reforestation annually in Jianyang by 1985. With the increase of seed yield of common seed orchard and the enlargement of afforestation area, genetic improvement of Chinese fir will achieve greater economic benefits. Seventies, we are committed to the second generation of Chinese fir preparation. In the early 1980s, the second generation of improved selection and breeding and planting of seed orchards were carried out. At present, 350 second-generation breeding materials are collected from the breeding garden, some of which have already entered the initial flowering stage. 1984 will complete the second generation of seed orchard grafting work. With the deepening of genetic improvement of Cunninghamia lanceolata, some basic and very important problems are faced both in theory and in practice. Now we will discuss these problems later.