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新中国成立以来,我国基础工业得到了迅速发展。据1985年全国工业普查资料,我国许多重要产品产量已位居世界前列,到1985年,中国的水泥产量已位居世界第一,煤炭产量位居世界第二,硫酸和化肥产量位居世界第三,钢产量位居世界笫四,发电量位居世界第五,原油产量位居世界第六。尽管如此,基础工业的发展速度仍不能满足整个国民经济发展的需要,特别是近几年,能源、交通、原材料等基础工业发展滞后。以1986—1988年为例,铁路货运量和国民生产总值的平均增长率分别为3.5%和10%,两者的比例为0.35:1,低于0.5:1的合理界
Since the founding of New China, China’s basic industry has developed rapidly. According to the national industrial census data in 1985, the output of many important products in China ranks among the top in the world. By 1985, China’s cement output has ranked first in the world, and coal production ranks second in the world. Sulfuric acid and fertilizer production rank the world’s Third, steel production ranks fourth in the world, and its power generation ranks fifth in the world. Crude oil production ranks sixth in the world. Nevertheless, the pace of development of basic industries still cannot meet the needs of the entire national economy. In particular, in recent years, the development of basic industries such as energy, transportation, and raw materials has lags behind. Taking 1986-1988 as an example, the average growth rates of rail freight and GNP are 3.5% and 10%, respectively, and the ratio between the two is 0.35:1, which is lower than the reasonable bound of 0.5:1.