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目的探讨超声心动图在产前筛查胎儿先天性心脏病的作用。方法以胎儿四腔心切面为基础,左心长轴切面,左、右室流出道及心底短轴、主动脉弓和三血管为主要切面。对1021例22w~28w胎儿心脏进行筛查,发现严重心脏畸形者予以引产,其它异常者追踪至分娩,进行新生儿超声心动图检查,明确先天性心脏病类型。结果发现胎儿各种先天性心脏畸形40例(伴胎儿多发畸形5例)。其中:室间隔缺损10例,心内膜垫缺损4例,法洛氏四联症5例,单腔心1例,左、右心发育不良各1例,右室双出口2例,三尖瓣下移畸形1例,永存动脉干1例,完全性大动脉转位2例,矫正型大动脉转位2例,心脏肿瘤3例,右位心1例,完全性肺静脉畸形引流1例,主动脉狭窄2例,动脉导管提前收缩2例,动脉导管走形扭曲1例。结论胎儿超声心动图是产前筛查胎儿先天性心脏病的有效方法。
Objective To investigate the role of echocardiography in prenatal screening for fetal congenital heart disease. Methods Based on the fetal four-chamber view, the left ventricular long axis, the left and right ventricular outflow tract and the fundus minor axis, the aortic arch and the three blood vessels were the main sections. 1021 cases of 22w ~ 28w fetal heart screening and found that serious cardiac malformations were induction of labor, other abnormalities were traced to delivery, neonatal echocardiography, clear type of congenital heart disease. The results found that a variety of fetal congenital heart malformation in 40 cases (with multiple fetal malformations in 5 cases). There were 10 cases of ventricular septal defect, 4 cases of endocardial cushion defect, 5 cases of tetralogy of Fallot, 1 case of single-chamber heart disease, 1 case of hypoplastic left and right heart, 2 cases of right ventricular double outlet, 1 case of aortic valve deformity, 1 case of permanent aortic trunk, 2 cases of complete aortic transposition, 2 cases of anastomotic aorta transposition, 3 cases of cardiac tumor, 1 case of right heart, 1 case of complete pulmonary venous malformation, 1 case of aorta 2 cases of stenosis, 2 cases of advancement of patent ductus arteriosus and 1 case of distorted ductus arteriosus. Conclusion Fetal echocardiography is an effective method for prenatal screening of fetal congenital heart disease.