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第二次世界大战结束后,日本经济处于崩溃状态。但到1955年,工业产值已达到1944年的98.8％。1956—1973年是日本经济高速增长的时期,18年间工业增长8.6倍。日本实现这种超常速度的经济赶超需要各种条件,但它选择了一种比较适合本国情况的经济体制则是重要原因。这种被称为政府主导型市场经济体制的基本特征是:以私人企业制度为基础;资源按市场经济原则进行配置;政府以强有力的计划和产业政策对资源配置实行导向,以达到某种短期和长期的增长目标。体制的决策结构政府主导型市场体制的基础是市场经济。在这一体制中,企业是主体。以投资为基本表现的资源配置的决策是由千千万万个企业做出的。所谓政府主导,就是政府具有制定
After the end of World War II, the Japanese economy was in a state of collapse. However, by 1955, the industrial output value had reached 98.8% in 1944. 1956-1973 is Japan’s period of rapid economic growth, industrial growth in 18 years 8.6 times. Japan needs all kinds of conditions to achieve such extraordinary economic catching-up and surpassing. However, it has chosen an economic system more suitable to its own national conditions, which is an important reason. The basic characteristics of this system of government-led market economy are: based on the private enterprise system; resources are allocated according to market economy principles; and the government guides the allocation of resources with a strong plan and industrial policies to achieve a certain Short-term and long-term growth goals. Institutional decision-making structure The government-led market system is based on a market economy. In this system, the enterprise is the main body. The decision to allocate resources based on investment is made by millions of businesses. The so-called government-led, that is, the government has formulated