马丁·华莱士在其《当代叙事学》中引述瓦尔特·里德的观点:“当小说发展出自己的成规,批评家也开始将其各种规则加以法规化时,小说家却通过滑稽模仿,通过新形式的发明,或者通过吸收和混合当时的各种‘纯’文类而与这一‘(标准)小说(规范)’作对。”~②韩少功无疑是一位喜欢与“标准的小说规范”作对的作家。他的《马桥词典》(1996)就是典型的与“标准的小说规范”作对,以至于引起争议的作品。无论如何,今天来看,20世纪是一个小说技巧爆炸的时代,一个作家的写作技巧不可避免地 Martin Wallace cites Walter Reed in his book The Contemporary Narrative: “When the novel developed its own rules and critics began to codify its rules, the novelist passed (Imitation), against the ’(normative) novel’ through new forms of invention, or through the absorption and mixing of the various ’pure’ genres of the day. ”“ ”Standard fiction norm“ as a writer. His ”Maqiao Dictionary“ (1996) is typical of the ”standard fictional norms" against, so controversial works. In any case, today, the twentieth century is a time when a novel’s techniques explode. A writer’s writing skills inevitably