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目的分析广西壮族和京族居民的膳食结构及营养状况,比较膳食摄入的差异。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取壮族居民161户(405人)和京族居民93户(208人),以个人食物频率法结合家庭调味品称重获取膳食信息。结果两民族居民食用盐和油脂类摄入远远高于推荐摄入量,豆类、水果类、蛋奶类摄入量明显不足。两民族维生素C、E、B1、B2及钙的摄入量均低于推荐摄入量。壮族和京族的油、盐、酱和味精、豆类、蔬菜、水果、奶类、蛋类、肉类、水产品消费量比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两民族居民平均每日膳食营养素摄入量比较除能量、硫胺素、核黄素、维生素E和钾差异无统计学意义外,其他营养素摄入差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论两民族居民膳食结构及营养素摄入方面存在较大差异,虽然包含了中国膳食指南推荐的主要食物种类,但食物摄入量并不理想,应根据不同民族居民膳食结构及饮食习惯特点改善居民的膳食模式。
Objective To analyze the dietary structure and nutritional status of Guangxi Zhuang and Jing residents and compare the differences in dietary intake. Methods A total of 161 households (405 persons) were Zhuang residents and 93 households (208 persons) were residents of Jing ethnic group. The food information was obtained by personal food frequency method and home condiment weighing. Results The intake of consumption of salt and oil by the two ethnic inhabitants was much higher than the recommended intake, and the intake of beans, fruits and eggs and milk was obviously insufficient. Both ethnic vitamin C, E, B1, B2 and calcium intake were lower than the recommended intake. The consumption of oil, salt, sauce and monosodium glutamate, legumes, vegetables, fruits, milk, eggs, meat and aquatic products in Zhuang and Jing ethnic were significantly different (P <0.05) In addition to the energy intake of dietary intakes of nutrients, thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin E and potassium was no significant difference, the other nutrient intake differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion Dietary composition and nutrient intake of residents in the two ethnic groups are quite different. Although they contain the main types of food recommended by the China Dietary Guidelines, their food intake is not ideal. Residents should be improved according to the dietary structure and eating habits of different ethnic groups Meal pattern.