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前言在平原地区,作为半无限空间的地壳表面之上,存在一层松散沉积物(复盖层)。地震波在复盖层中传播,与在地壳内部传播有很多不同。在运动特性方面,对于地震波的震相到时,起到了延迟的作用;在动力特性方面,对于质点振动幅度,起到了放大作用。其表现形式为,在地面观测到的震相到时晚于在井下观测到的震相到时,到时差为△T;在地面观测到的地动振幅大于井下观测到的地动振幅,地面相对于井下的地动振幅放大因子为k_h。△T和k_h都与井下摆的设置深度(摆深)h有关,与地震波传播介质有关。
Preface In the plains, above the surface of the earth’s crust, which is a semi-infinite space, there is a layer of loose sediment (overburden). Seismic waves propagate in the overburden, much differently than within the crust. In terms of the motion characteristics, the seismic phase of seismic waves arrives at the time, which plays a role of delay. In terms of dynamic characteristics, it amplifies the vibration amplitude of particles. The manifestation is that when the seismic phase observed on the ground arrives later than the seismic phase observed downhole, the time difference is ΔT; the ground motion amplitude observed on the ground is greater than the ground motion amplitude observed downhole; the ground The ground motion amplitude amplification factor relative to the well is k_h. △ T and k_h are set with the depth of the hole depth (depth) h, and seismic wave propagation medium.