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近二三十年来由于抗菌素及磺胺类药物的发展,在治疗细菌感染的疾病方面,取得了显著的成就。但是对病毒感染疾病,至今尚无一种可靠的药物。这主要是因为细菌的代谢过程与宿主不尽相同,它们能被某种药物杀死或抑制其生长,而同时不致对人体有严重的副作用。但病毒则不同,它与宿主的代谢过程常交缠在一起,所以很难找到一种仅对病毒有作用,而又不致危及人体的药物。目前在预防方面有效的办法是以病毒制成疫苗,注入人体以产生免疫作用。不过这个方法也有缺点:其一是免疫的期限比较短;其二是免疫作用的特异性很大,即一种疫苗仅能对一种疾病有效。但是由病毒引起的疾病种类很多,而且有些病毒迄今尚未分离出
In the past two or three decades, due to the development of antibiotics and sulfonamides, remarkable achievements have been made in the treatment of bacterial infections. However, there is no reliable drug for viral infections. This is mainly because the metabolic processes of bacteria are not the same as the host. They can be killed or inhibited by certain drugs without causing serious side effects on the human body. But the virus is different. It is often intertwined with the metabolic processes of the host, so it is difficult to find a drug that acts only on the virus without endangering the human body. The current effective method for prevention is to use a virus as a vaccine and inject it into the body to produce an immune effect. However, this method also has its drawbacks: First, the duration of immunization is relatively short; second, the specificity of immunization is large, ie, a vaccine can only be effective against one disease. However, there are many types of diseases caused by viruses, and some viruses have not yet been isolated.