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当水位降落时,土体内将发生固结压密。这一类因水位降落而引起的固结问题在工程中是经常碰到的,如施工排水时的固结沉陷,坝前水位降落时的土坝内的固结等;现在人们正进一步利用这一规律采取人工降低地下水位的方法来加固软土地基,即所谓降水预压法,此法由于具有许多独特优点,已为工程界广泛重视。但对于这一类因水位降落而引起的固结问题目前尚无成熟理论,它与一般由加荷所引起的固结问题有所不同,常更为复杂,用通常方法不易很好地解决。因此,有必要从理论上加以探讨,进一步提出这一类固结问题的解决办法。本文首先进一步分析了固结本质,用孔隙水的势的不平衡来解释固结发生的基本原因,从而更完善地说明固结概念;以此为出发点,结合某降水预压试验的具体条件,着重讨论了降水预压法的固结计算原理,及应力沉陷计计方法;并对其固结过程的物理原因作了初步探讨。
When the water level falls, consolidation and compaction will occur in the soil. This type of consolidation caused by the falling of water level is often encountered in the project, such as consolidation sinking during construction drainage, consolidation in the earth dam at the time of the water level in front of the dam, etc.; now people are making further use of it. A law to artificially reduce the groundwater level method to strengthen the soft soil foundation, the so-called precipitation preloading method, this method has a lot of unique advantages, has been widely considered by the engineering community. However, there is no mature theory for this kind of consolidation problem caused by water level drop. It is different from the consolidation problem caused by loading, and it is often more complicated. It is not easy to be solved by ordinary methods. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss in theory and further propose solutions to this type of consolidation problem. In this paper, the nature of consolidation is firstly analyzed, and the basic cause of consolidation is explained by the potential imbalance of pore water, so that the concept of consolidation is explained more comprehensively; as a starting point, combined with the specific conditions of a certain precipitation preloading test, The principle of consolidation calculation of precipitation preloading method and the calculation method of stress sinking are discussed in detail. The physical reasons of the consolidation process are discussed.