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从规划思想史的角度论述六边形规划理论的形成背景,简述若干实例及其影响。六边形规划理论形成于19世纪末、20世纪初,初衷是为了丰富城市景观、使规划方法更经济和科学,同时更是当时西方社会变迁和规划思想流变的重要反映。20世纪以后,六边形规划思想随着田园城市运动传布到世界各地,与我国近代以来的城市发展和研究也密切相关。按其思想来源,分别论述技术乐观主义、田园城市运动、城市美化运动和城市功能化运动对六边形规划思想形成的影响。1940年代以前世界各地均出现了以六边形为特征的新城和居住区规划,本文介绍其中5例:格里芬的堪培拉规划、卢廷斯的新德里规划、伪满“新京”规划、帕克的维森沙维镇规划及加州的六边形移民安置居住区。最后一部分简述六边形规划衰落的原因及1940年代以降的其他影响。
From the perspective of the history of planning thinking, the formation of hexagonal planning theory background, a brief account of a number of examples and their impact. Hexagonal planning theory was formed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Its original intention was to enrich urban landscape, make planning more economical and scientific, and at the same time it was an important reflection of the changes in western society and the changing planning ideology. After the 20th century, hexagonal planning ideas spread to all over the world with the movement of garden cities, which is also closely related to the urban development and research in our country since modern times. According to the source of their ideas, this paper respectively discusses the influence of technical optimism, pastoral city movement, urban beautification movement and urban functional movement on the formation of hexagonal planning thought. Before the 1940s, new hexagonal-shaped new towns and residential areas appeared all over the world. This article introduces five of them: Canberra, Griffin, New Delhi, Lanting, , Parkson’s Plan of Vicensawyville, and Hexagonal Resettlement Area in California. The last section briefly describes the reasons for the decline of the hexagonal plan and other effects of the decline in the 1940s.