Objective To investigate the influence of the polluted SY River on children’s growth and sex hormones,and provide scientific data for assessment of the polluted status of the SY River.Methods The study areas were selected randomly from the SY River Basin.Lead (Pb),mercury (Hg),arsenic (As),phthalates (DEP,DBP,DMP,DEHP),and bisphenol A (BPA) were measured both in the river water and in the drinking water.School children were selected by cluster sampling (n=154).Physical development indexes (height,weight,bust-circumference,and skinfold thickness) and sex hormones [testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2)] were measured for all the children.Results The contents of Pb and Hg exceeded Class V standards of surface water quality in each section of the river and other indicators exceeded Class III.Compared to the control area,the concentrations of Pb,Hg,As,BPA,DEP,and DBP in the drinking water were significantly higher than in the polluted area (P<0.05).Children from the control area had significantly lower E2 and T than children from the polluted area (P<0.05).Among anthropometric results,only skinfold thickness had statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05),while the other indexes showed no significant differences between the two groups (P>0.05).Conclusion The drinking water has been polluted by the SY River and affected serum sex hormone levels of children living in the polluted area. Objective To investigate the influence of the polluted SY River on children’s growth and sex hormones, and provide scientific data for assessment of the polluted status of the SY River. Methods The study areas were selected randomly from the SY River Basin. Lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), phthalates (DEP, DBP, DMP, DEHP), and bisphenol A (BPA) were measured both in the river water and in the drinking water.School children were selected by cluster sampling (n = 154). Physical development indexes (height, weight, bust-circumference, and skin thickness) and sex hormones [testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2)] were measured for all the children. Results of The contents of Pb and Hg exceeded Class V standards of surface water quality in each section of the river and other identifiers exceeded Class III. Compared to the control area, the concentrations of Pb, Hg, As, BPA, DEP, and DBP in the drinking water were significantly higher than in the polluted area (P <0.05) .Children from the control area had significant Apparently lower E2 and T than children from the polluted area (P <0.05) .Among anthropometric results, only skinfold thickness had statistically significant difference between the two groups (P <0.05), while the other indexes showed no significant differences between the two groups (P> 0.05) .Conclusion The drinking water has been polluted by the SY River and affected serum sex hormone levels of children living in the polluted area.