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水产动物的疾病的诊断方法多种多样，传统的方法有直接培养法、组织切片观察法及超薄切片的电子显微镜观察，免疫学方法包括了血清学反应、单克隆抗体检测、多克隆抗体检测等，以及其衍生方法（如酶联免疫吸附实验）。这些方法对疾病诊断暴露了不少弊端，或是费时费力，或是准
There are many ways to diagnose diseases of aquatic animals. The traditional methods include direct culture method, histological section observation and electron microscopy of ultrathin section. Immunological methods include serological reaction, monoclonal antibody test, polyclonal antibody test Etc., and their derivatization methods (eg, ELISA). These methods have exposed many drawbacks to disease diagnosis, either time-consuming or cumbersome