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端粒是染色体末端维持染色体完整和基因组稳定的重要串联重复序列结构。端粒长度可通过多种方法进行定量或相对定量检测,反映机体在细胞水平的衰老程度和健康状态。端粒酶能够以自身模板序列催化合成端粒并使之延长。端粒在肿瘤发生发展过程中发挥重要作用,端粒长度可作为一类分子标志物指示肿瘤发生发展风险。近年来,许多研究对端粒长度及其相关因素与多种肿瘤发生发展的关系进行了探讨,发现其在不同肿瘤中可能发挥不同作用。本文对国内外相关领域的研究进展进行了梳理和汇总。
Telomeres are important tandem repeat structures that maintain chromosomal integrity and genomic stability at the ends of chromosomes. Telomere length can be quantified or measured by a variety of methods, reflecting the level of senescence and health of the body at the cellular level. Telomerase can catalyze the synthesis of telomeres and lengthen it by its own template sequence. Telomeres play an important role in tumorigenesis and development. Telomere length can be used as a kind of molecular marker to indicate the risk of tumorigenesis. In recent years, many studies have explored the relationship between telomere length and its related factors and the development of various tumors, and found that they may play different roles in different tumors. This paper reviews and summarizes the research progress in relevant fields at home and abroad.