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作为对主体性反思与超越的主体间性在社会管理中主要体现为国家、市场与社会的关系。国外相关社会管理理论中福利国家理论表达了一种国家对市场的控制;新公共管理理论重构了一种市场神话主义,建构起“企业家政府”;“第三条道路”理论寻求国家与市场间的综合;治理理论明确提出国家、市场与社会是治理公共事物的合作伙伴。我国社会管理体制中单位制与人民公社体制建构起国家一元化管理;体制转型时期,国家创造出市场这个合作伙伴,社会开始获得一定程度的发育,社会管理开始出现多元主体;社区制中,国家将市场与社会看成合作伙伴,建构起党委、政府、社会与大众权利共享、责任共担的社会管理新格局。国外社会管理理论与中国社会管理事实都遵循着从国家中心主义向国家、市场与社会多主体治理转变的轨迹。作为一种分析框架的主体间性不仅有助于解释国外社会管理理论演化与国内社会管理体制变迁,而且可将其勾连起来研究,以指导我国社会管理体制的再建构。
As the inter-subjectivity of the reflection and transcendence of the subjectivity, it mainly manifests in the social management as the relationship between the state, the market and the society. The theory of welfare state in foreign related social management theory expresses a kind of state control over the market; the theory of new public management reconstructs a kind of market mythism and constructs “government of government”; “the third way” The theory seeks to synthesize the state and the market. The theory of governance clearly states that the state, the market and the society are partners for governing public affairs. China’s social management system in the unit system and the people’s commune system from the national monopoly management; institutional transition period, the state created a market partner, the community began to obtain a certain degree of development, social management began to appear multiple subjects; community system, the state will Market and society as partners, building a new pattern of social management of party committees, governments, social and public rights sharing, shared responsibility. Both foreign social management theory and the fact of Chinese social management follow the trajectory of transformation from national-centrism to multi-subject governance of the country, the market and the society. Intersubjectivity as an analytical framework not only helps to explain the evolution of social management theory in foreign countries and the changes in social management systems in China, but also can be linked together to study and guide the re-construction of our social management system.