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2008年5月12日,发生在四川龙门山区的汶川8.0级特大地震,是一次震惊世界的灾难性地震,四川省汶川、北川和青川等县均受到了毁灭性的打击,截至2008年9月,因地震死亡69197人,受伤374176人,失踪18209人。同时,本次地震也为国内外地震科技工作者提供了一次难得的深入剖析逆冲型地震构造特征、地震破裂过程、深部孕震构造环境、发震活动断层地质滑动速率、现今GPS监测速率与地震危险性关系等科学问题的机会和观测对象。汶川地震发生后,中国地震局、中国科学院、中国地质调查局、建设部等部门的科研人员立即奔赴地震现场,对汶川及受灾地区进行了地震灾害评估、地表破裂考察、地震加密监测、GPS和水准剖面复测、震源破裂过程反演等科学研究。迄今为止,在汶川地震的地震地质,特别是发震构造方面,已经取得许多进展和认识,但也存在着许多尚未解开的谜底和科学问题,有待在今后的研究中加以关注和解决。
On May 12, 2008, the Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake in Longmen Mountain, Sichuan Province was a devastating earthquake that hit the world. The counties of Wenchuan, Beichuan and Qingchuan in Sichuan Province were all devastatingly hit. As of September 2008 69,197 were killed as a result of the earthquake, 374,176 were injured and 18,209 were missing. At the same time, this earthquake also provides a rare in-depth analysis of seismic structural features, seismic rupture process, deep seismogenic tectonic environment, seismogenic fault geological slide rate, current GPS monitoring rate and Earthquake risk relations and other scientific issues, opportunities and observations. After the Wenchuan earthquake, researchers from Chinese Seismological Bureau, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Geological Survey and Ministry of Construction immediately went to the earthquake site to conduct earthquake disaster assessment, surface rupture inspection, seismic encryption monitoring, GPS and Level profile re-testing, source rupture process inversion and other scientific research. Up to now, much progress and understanding have been made in the seismic geology of the Wenchuan earthquake, especially the seismogenic structures. However, there are still many unsolved mysteries and scientific problems that need to be paid attention to in future studies.