Based on the migration track of the Silurian oil pools along the faults in central Tarim by the nitrogen compounds and the maturity parameters of saturated hydrocarbon and aromatic hydrocarbon, the formation of the Silurian oil pools was totally concerned with vertical migration that faults were the dominant migration channels. The comprehensive analysis shows that the dominant geological element, which contributed to the migration and accumulation of the Silurian oil pools in central Tarim, was the strike-slip fault, which developed from Ordovician to Permian. The future work will focus on conducting a more intensive study of the formation, evolution and distribution of the strike-slip faults for making sure of favorable hydrocarbon accumulation and favorable exploration targets. Based on the migration track of the Silurian oil pools along the faults in central Tarim by the nitrogen compounds and the maturity parameters of saturated hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons, the formation of the Silurian oil pools was entirely concerned with vertical migration that faults were the dominant migration The comprehensive analysis shows that the dominant geological element, which contributed to the migration and accumulation of the Silurian oil pools in central Tarim, was the strike-slip fault, which developed from Ordovician to Permian. The future work will focus on conducting a more intensive study of the formation, evolution and distribution of the strike-slip faults for making sure of favorable hydrocarbon accumulation and favorable exploration targets.