目的:探讨舌下含服粉尘螨滴剂对儿童过敏性哮喘的长期疗效。方法:选取2010年10月~2011年10月在该院门诊就诊的6~14岁非急性发作期轻度或中度过敏性哮喘儿童120例,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组各60例。对照组进行常规过敏性哮喘治疗;实验组在此基础上同时舌下含服粉尘螨滴剂1~4号。对比两组患儿治疗前和治疗24个月后的临床症状和实验室检查指标。结果:治疗24个月后,实验组患儿哮喘控制测试(C-ACT)评分、一秒钟用力呼气空积占用力肺活量比值(FEV1%)水平、螨过敏血清IgG4(IgG4)水平均明显高于对照组,日间和夜间症状评分明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);对照组患儿治疗24个月后C-ACT评分、肺功能最高呼气峰流速(PEF)和FEV1%水平、IgG4水平明显高于治疗前,日间症状评分明显低于治疗前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组患儿除血清粉尘螨特异性IgE(sIgE)水平与治疗前差异无统计学意义之外其余指标均较治疗前得到明显改善,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患儿不良事件发生率之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:舌下含服粉尘螨滴剂24个月能够明显提高患儿血清IgG4水平,恢复机体正常免疫过程,使儿童过敏性哮喘病情得到明显改善,并且具有较高的安全性。 Objective: To investigate the long-term effect of sublingual dust mite drops on childhood allergic asthma. Methods: From October 2010 to October 2011, 120 children with mild or moderate allergic asthma in non-acute exacerbation age of 6 ~ 14 years were randomly divided into experimental group and control group 60 cases. The control group was treated with routine allergic asthma. On the basis of the experimental group, sublingual Diccido mite drops 1 to 4 were sublingual. The clinical symptoms and laboratory tests before and 24 months after treatment were compared between the two groups. Results: After 24 months treatment, C-ACT score, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1%) and mite allergic serum IgG4 (IgG4) in experimental group were significantly higher (P <0.05). The scores of C-ACT score, peak peak expiratory flow rate of pulmonary function in control group after treatment for 24 months were significantly higher than those in control group (PEF) and FEV1%, IgG4 levels were significantly higher than before treatment, the daytime symptom score was significantly lower than before treatment, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05); experimental group of children with serum dust mite specific IgE sIgE) were significantly higher than those before treatment (P <0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of adverse events (P> 0.05). Conclusion: Diclofenac drops can reduce serum IgG4 level and restore normal immune process in children for 24 months, which can significantly improve the allergic asthma in children and have higher safety.