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北川羌族自治县是2008年“5·12”地震的极重灾区,地震给其境内的各类城乡建筑造成了严重的损失,经过3a多的灾后重建,该县聚落空间得到快速的重构。2013年的7·9洪灾之后,北川境内的地质灾害事件全面爆发,给重构聚落空间的安全造成了严重的威胁。以2013年7·9洪灾之后的灾情普查数据和北川的土地利用图为基础数据,利用GIS技术,使用最邻近法及主成份分析法分析评价了北川境内聚落空间的地质灾害灾情特征,并根据各个聚落斑块的灾情指数值的大小将其划分为灾情轻微、较重、严重和极严重的4个等级。评价的结果表明:北川县境内共有1 016个聚落斑块受到地质灾害点的威胁,占聚落斑块总数的5.702%;其中,灾情极重的聚落有45个、灾情严重的聚落有64个、灾情较重的聚落有775个、灾情较轻的聚落有132个。该评价结果可以为地方政府根据各受灾聚落灾情的轻重缓急而制定出科学的防灾减灾决策提供基本依据。
Beichuan Qiang Autonomous County was the severely stricken area of the “May 12” earthquake in 2008. The earthquake caused serious losses to all kinds of urban and rural buildings in its territory. After more than 3 years of reconstruction, the settlement space in this county was rapidly rebuilt . After the September 9, 19 floods in 2013, the geological disasters in Beichuan totally broke out, posing a serious threat to the safety of reconstructed settlement space. Based on the disaster census data after 7.9 floods in 2013 and the land use map of Beichuan, based on the GIS technology, the geological disaster characteristics of the settlement space in Beichuan were analyzed and evaluated by using the method of nearest neighbor and principal component analysis. According to The magnitude of the disaster index values of each settlement patch divides them into four grades of minor, heavy, serious and extremely serious disasters. The results of the evaluation showed that a total of 1 016 settlement patches in Beichuan County were threatened by geological disasters, accounting for 5.702% of the total number of settlement patches. Among them, 45 were extremely heavily affected and 64 were heavily-damaged. There are 775 heavy casualties and 132 minor settlements. The results of this evaluation can provide a basic basis for local governments to formulate scientific decision-making for disaster prevention and mitigation according to the priority of each affected disaster.