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1.引言水是生命之源、生产之本、生态之基。因此,应该特别注意水资源管理。由于天然和人为的原因,中国正面临着严重的水资源危机,包括:水资源短缺、洪涝灾害以及水体污染。水资源危机已经威胁到了人类的健康和经济的发展。中国天然水资源主要有两个特点。一是水资源不足:水资源可利用量约为人均1780 m3,仅为全球水资源可利用量的四分之一,与国际上公认的用水紧张国家(水资源可利用量小于人均1700 m3)非常接近。二是水资源地域分布不均:呈现出南多北少的局面。北部地区居住了全国47%的人口,拥有全国65%的
1. Introduction Water is the source of life, the production of this, the basis of ecology. Therefore, special attention should be paid to water resources management. Due to natural and man-made reasons, China is facing a serious water crisis, including water shortages, floods and water pollution. The water crisis has threatened human health and economic development. There are two main characteristics of China’s natural water resources. First, insufficient water resources: The available water resources is about 1780 m3 per capita, which is only one quarter of the global water resources available. Compared with the internationally recognized water-stressed countries (water resources availability is less than 1,700 m3 per capita) very close. Second, the geographical distribution of water resources is uneven: the situation of south and north shows a little. The northern region occupies 47% of the country’s population, with 65% of the country