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采用传统统计和地统计相结合的方法,对规模经营的黑龙江江川农场76.5hm2水稻田土壤养分空间变异特征与高效平衡施肥效应进行了研究。试区土壤养分主要限制因子是N、P、K和Zn,不同土壤养分的变异情况各不相同;三种网格(50m×50m、100m×100m和150m×150m)取样尺度下试区9个水稻田块间土壤主要养分含量差异总体上均显著,但同一田块三种网格取样尺度下土壤主要养分含量差异总体上均不显著;三种网格取样尺度的同一土壤速效养分在空间分布上具有较明显的空间相似性。表明按150m×150m网格进行土壤取样,能对规模经营稻田不同田块土壤主要养分状况进行正确评价;对规模经营的江川农场试区稻田可按田块(6.3～12.9hm2/田块)为管理单元进行土壤养分分区管理。在上述工作基础上,利用作物优质高产推荐施肥咨询服务系统,形成了试区水稻高效分区平衡施肥技术。该技术增产4.3%～11.2%,增收779～1532元/hm2,提高氮肥利用率12.6～14.0个百分点。
By using the method of traditional statistics and geostatistics, the spatial variability of soil nutrients and the effect of balanced fertilization on 76.5hm2 paddy farm in Jiangchuan County, Heilongjiang Province, were studied. The main limiting factors of soil nutrient in the trial area were N, P, K and Zn, and the variation of nutrients in different soils were different. Among the three grids (50m × 50m, 100m × 100m and 150m × 150m) The difference of main nutrient contents in paddy soils was generally significant, but the differences in soil nutrient contents were not significant under the three grid sampling scales in the same field. The same soil available nutrients in the three grid sampling scales were distributed in space On the more obvious spatial similarities. The results showed that soil sampling on 150m × 150m grid could correctly evaluate the main nutrient status of soil in different plots of paddy field in large-scale management. For paddy field in scale farmland in Jiangchuan farmland, the field plots could be plotted as (6.3 ~ 12.9hm2 / plot) Management unit for soil nutrient division management. Based on the above work, the high-yielding crop recommendation and fertilization consultation service system was used to form a high-efficiency balanced fertilization technique for paddy in the trial area. The technology increased production 4.3% ~ 11.2%, an increase of 779 ~ 1532 yuan / hm2, improve nitrogen utilization rate of 12.6 ~ 14.0 percentage points.