农产品 (尤其是粮食 )最基本的功能就是满足人类的基本营养需要。这同时也构成了政府制订农产品市场宏观调控政策、保证粮食安全的首要出发点。人类对农产品的需求有两个重要的数量界限。一是维持最低的营养必需的最低数量 ,另一是获取足够的营养所需的最大数量。政府农产品市场宏观调控政策的重点应放在这两个数量范围之外 ,即农产品供给短缺与过剩的时候。文章还对所采取政策的形式及政策效果进行了分析 The most basic function of agricultural products (especially food) is to meet the basic nutritional needs of mankind. At the same time, this also constitutes the primary starting point for the government in formulating the macro-control policies for agricultural products markets and ensuring food security. Human demand for agricultural products has two important quantitative boundaries. One is the minimum amount necessary to maintain the minimum nutrition and the other is the maximum amount required to obtain adequate nutrition. The focus of government macro-control policies on agricultural product markets should be placed outside these two quantitative ranges, namely, when the supply of agricultural products is in short supply and surplus. The article also analyzes the form of the policy adopted and the effect of the policy