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目的了解医科类本科生职业决策自我效能状况,探讨心理、成绩及家庭支持等因素与职业决策自我效能的关系。方法采取横断面调查方法,对某医科大学4类专业127个小班3 123名大学生进行职业决策自我效能的问卷调查。结果大学生职业决策自我效能比较困难、有一些困难、有一点困难和几乎没有困难所占的比例分别为32.5%,30.3%,26.6%和10.7%。男生职业决策自我效能评分为(135.05±29.39),女生为(134.08±26.67)。实习毕业阶段学生职业决策自我效能评分最低,为(129.45±28.31),一年级和二年级、二年级和三年级、实习阶段和一~三年级的学生职业决策自我效能差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。有抑郁或焦虑症状的学生职业决策自我效能比较困难所占比例高于无抑郁或焦虑症状的学生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。非条件多元Logistic回归分析结果显示,不同学习阶段、学习成绩、家庭成员提供就业帮助程度以及有抑郁或焦虑症状是医科类本科生职业决策自我效能水平的影响因素(P值均<0.01)。结论医科类本科生职业决策自我效能整体水平偏低。应针对实习阶段学生的社会心理特征,强化职业规划技能,提高职业决策自我效能水平。
Objective To understand the self-efficacy of occupational decision-making in medical undergraduates and to explore the relationship between psychology, achievement and family support and career decision-making self-efficacy. Methods A cross-sectional survey method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on career decision-making self-efficacy of 3 123 students from 127 small classes in 4 specialized majors in a medical university. Results The self-efficacy of career decision-making among college students is more difficult, with some difficulties, with little difficulty and little difficulty accounting for 32.5%, 30.3%, 26.6% and 10.7% respectively. The boys’ self-efficacy scores of career decision-making were (135.05 ± 29.39) and girls (134.08 ± 26.67). The self-efficacy scores of career decision-making were the lowest in internship graduation (129.45 ± 28.31), and there was significant difference in self-efficacy of occupational decision-making among students in first and second grade, second grade and third grade, internship and first to third grade P <0.01). Students who had depression or anxiety symptoms had higher self-efficacy in career decision-making than those without depression or anxiety (P <0.01). The results of unconditional multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that different stages of study, academic performance, degree of employment assistance provided by family members, and depression or anxiety symptoms were the influencing factors of occupational decision-making self-efficacy of medical undergraduates (P <0.01). Conclusion The overall self-efficacy of occupational decision-making in medical undergraduates is low. Should focus on the psychological characteristics of students in the internship stage, strengthen career planning skills, improve career decision-making self-efficacy level.