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完整的细胞周期包括间期和有丝分裂期(M期),间期包括G0、G1、S和G2期,细胞周期的调控在各个间期中以G1期最为重要,许多细胞内外的增殖调控物质主要作用于此。细胞周期得以运行的机制在于一系列细胞周期蛋白(cyclin)时相起伏的调控,相应的周期蛋白依赖性激酶(cyclin-dependent kinase,CDK)依次激活,驱动细胞由G0、G1、S、G2期到M期。细胞周期是在cyclin-CDK-细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制因子(CDKI)组成的立体调控网络精密控制下进行的。在生物体内,癌基因和抑癌基因功能相互协调,调控着细胞增殖、分化、凋亡等生命过程。一旦这二者功能失调,细胞生命活动过程即细胞周期将发生异常,甚至导致肿瘤发生。
The intact cell cycle includes the interphase and mitosis (M phase), the interphase includes the G0, G1, S and G2 phases, the regulation of the cell cycle is most important in G1 phase in each interphase, and many of the intracellular and extracellular proliferative regulatory substances play a major role Here. The mechanism by which the cell cycle works is that a series of cycles of cyclin are fluctuated and the corresponding cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are activated in turn to drive cells from the G0, G1, S, G2 phases To M period. The cell cycle is under the precise control of a three-dimensional regulatory network of cyclin-CDK-cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs). In vivo, the functions of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are coordinated with each other and regulate the life process of cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Once these two disorders, cell life activity that is abnormal cell cycle, and even lead to tumor.