基底膜是一种高度特化的细胞外基质，广泛存在于人体的各组织中。自19世纪基底膜被发现以来，人们逐渐认识了其结构和功能。角膜上皮基底膜(EBM)通过限制活化的纤维化因子，参与调控角膜瘢痕形成。角膜损伤后，角膜瘢痕的形成和持续时间由角膜EBM的损伤程度及再生速度决定。角膜上皮及基质共同参与了角膜EBM的再生。角膜上皮的迅速再生有利于初始基底膜的组装。正常的角膜基质细胞为初始基底膜提供其余组装成分。规则的角膜基质表面有利于基底膜连续再生和基质细胞定位提供EBM成分。本文从对基底膜的认识发展、角膜EBM的成分与功能、角膜EBM再生与角膜基质重塑的关系、EBM再生的影响因素及相关治疗方法几个方面就角膜上皮和基质对角膜EBM再生的影响进行综述。“,”Basement membranes (BMs) are highly specialized extracellular matrices, which widely exist in various tissues of the human body.Since BMs were discovered in the 19th century, the structures and functions of BMs have been gradually recognized.The corneal epithelial basement membrane (EBM) participates in the regulation of corneal scar formation by limiting the activation of fibrotic factors.After an injury, the formation and duration of corneal stromal fibrosis are determined by the degree of EBM injury and the speed of EBM regeneration.Corneal epithelium and stroma participate in the process of EBM regeneration.The rapid regeneration of corneal epithelium is beneficial to the assembly of the nascent EBM.Functional corneal stromal cells provide the rest assembly components for the nascent EBM.The regular surface of corneal stroma is beneficial to the continuous regeneration of EBM, which provides positions for stromal cells.This paper reviewed the understanding of BMs, the composition and function of EBM, the relationship between corneal EBM regeneration and corneal stroma remodeling, the influencing factors of EBM regeneration and related clinical treatment methods to discuss the influence of corneal epithelium and stroma on EBM regeneration.