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初中化学演示实验共81个,占中学教材全部演示实验的42.4％,分组实验8个、选作实验4个,占中学教材的37.5％。因此,加强初中化学实验教学是提高中学化学教学质量的重要措施。固原地区111所农村初级中学,只有价值4.29万元的化学药品、仪器,化学药品和常用仪器缺额较大。演示实验只能开40—60％,学生实验更是无法开展。如何改变这种状况呢?一方面各级领导要努力改善农村中学的办学条件;另一方面,我认为目前农村初级中学可以利用代用品,开展学生分组实验教学。右表简要介绍我在化学实验教学中所使用的代用品,以期抛砖引玉,供农村初级中学的同行参考。
There are 81 junior high school chemistry demonstration experiments, accounting for 42.4% of all demonstrations in middle school teaching materials, 8 grouping experiments, and 4 experiments, accounting for 37.5% of the middle school teaching materials. Therefore, strengthening junior high school chemistry experiment teaching is an important measure to improve the chemistry teaching quality in middle school. In the 111 junior middle schools in the Guyuan area, only chemicals, equipment, chemicals, and commonly used equipment worth RMB 42,900 are short. Demonstration experiments can only be opened 40-60%, student experiments can not be carried out. How to change this situation? On the one hand, leaders at all levels must work hard to improve the conditions for running secondary schools in rural areas; on the other hand, I think that junior high schools in rural areas can use substitutes to carry out experimental teaching. The table on the right briefly introduces the substitutes used in chemistry experiment teaching, with a view to attracting jade for reference by counterparts in rural junior high schools.