一、引言基本权利建基于制宪权(povoir constituant)的决断,并且作为基本民主的自我约束行为而为议会的简单多数设置限制。人权则恰恰相反,依据传统理解它属于超国家的权利(ueberstaatliche Rechte),它有着普遍的约束力并且对立宪多数产生限制。~①因而它为国家立法建立了一个正当性标准(Legitimationsmassstab),为第三种权力确立了一个补充性的法源。但从“特别的自然法思想体系”(spezifisch naturrechtliche Ideologie)~② I. INTRODUCTION Fundamental rights are based on the decision of the constitutional power (povoir constituant) and set limits on the simple majority of parliaments as a self-contained act of fundamental democracy. Human rights, on the other hand, are traditionally understood as belonging to the ueberstaatliche Rechte, which is universally binding and restricts the constitutional majority. Thus it established a legitimacy standard for national legislation that established a complementary source of law for the third power. However, from “special natural law ideological system” (spezifisch naturrechtliche Ideologie) ~ ②