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一､ 重点单词
1. suspect
【考纲释义】 vt. 怀疑;疑心(有某种情况)
【备考实例】
The policeman ________ the thief of lying.
A. suspected
B. wondered
C. didn’t believe
D. doubted
【考点解析】 根据句意“警察怀疑小偷撒谎”及句型suspect sb. of sth.,答案应选A｡doubt 也有“怀疑”之意,但无此搭配形式｡B,C不合题意｡suspect 还可用于下列句型中:suspect sb. to be (to do sth.);suspect + that-clause｡另外:suspect 亦可作名词,意为“嫌疑犯”,“可疑对象”｡
2. efficient
【考纲释义】 adj. 有效的;效率高的
【备考实例】
I have worked with him for some time and have found that he is________than John. (2004上海春)
A. more efficiently a worker
B. a more efficient worker
C. more an efficient worker
D. a worker more efficiently
【考点解析】 根据语法结构,此处应填一个形容词短语来修饰名词“worker”,又依句意,句中应使用比较级,故选B｡A,D项为副词词组,不能修饰名词,C项中more修饰efficient,应放在其前面,故也不能选｡
3. expectation
【考纲释义】 n. 期望;希望;预计｡
【备考实例】
The famous writer suddenly turned up at the meeting________ ,________made us very happy.
A. out of everyone’s expectation; which
B. out of the expectation of everyone;that
C. to our delight; that
D. in our hope; which
【考点解析】 根据句子结构,逗号后部分应为一个非限制性定语从句,故只能用which,又因为没有in our hope 这个词组,故答案为A｡另外expect 还有下列句型:expect sb. to do sth.expect + that-clause; in expectation of“预期､期待”(有某种情况发生)之意｡如:He closed the window in expectation of rain.
4. congratulate
【考纲释义】 vt. 祝贺;道贺(常和on 连用)
【备考实例】
We sent them a telegram,________them on their success.
A. to congratulate
B. congratulating
C. having congratulated
D. for congratulation
【考点解析】 此题考查非谓语动词的用法,依句意｡现在分词短语作伴随状语,故答案为B｡A项不定式表将来,C项现在分词的完成式表动作发生于谓语动词之前,不合题意｡D项中名词不能带宾语｡congratulate还有下列句型: congratulate oneself (庆幸)｡例如:
Well, congratulate yourself that you resisted the temptation.
5. tendency
【考纲释义】 n. 倾向;趋势
【备考实例】
To our delight, our company’s business is showing a________to________ .
A. tendency; increase
B. tendency; improve
C. sign;stand
D. signal; raise
【考点解析】 此处考查动词词意｡答案为B｡business不能与increase搭配, (increase 的主语应为output, production, number之类事物)C,D项都带有浓重的汉语味道｡另外tendency还有“某种才能(可数)”之意｡例如: He has artistic tendencies.
6. character
【考纲释义】 n. 品质; 特性;性格;人物(包括文艺作品中的人物)
【备考实例】 He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his________was seen at its best when he worked with others. (2005上海)
A. temper
B. appearance
C. talent
D. character
【考点解析】 此题考查名词的词义｡character意为“特性;品质”;temper意为“心情;脾气”;appearance意为“外貌;外表”;talent意为“才能;天才”｡句意为:在与别人共事时,他证明了自己是真正的绅士,也证明他具有良好的品格,故选D｡
7. aspect
【考纲释义】 n. 方面(可数)
【备考实例】
What was written in the novel wasone of the most familiar________of life in France.
A. sides
B. ways
C. aspects
D. influences
【考点解析】 此题考查名词的词义｡根据题意,要说明的是“最熟悉的法国生活的一个方面”,故选C｡side不能用于指生活的“方面”,way “方法,方式”, influence“影响”,均不合题意｡
8. select
【考纲释义】 vt. 选择;挑选
【备考实例】
Della was going from shop to shop,________a nice Christmas present for her husband.
A. picking
B. selecting
C. choose
D. finding
【考点解析】 依据句法结构,此处应填分词短语作伴随状语｡答案为B｡不能填动词,故C不行｡pick out 才有“选择”之意,find强调“结果”,若表示“寻找”可使用looking for｡
9. check
【考纲释义】 vt. 检查;核查
【备考实例】
—Julia said she sent you a birthday card yesterday. Have you got it?
—Oh, really! I haven’t________my mailbox yet. (2005天津,8)
A. examined
B. reviewed
C. tested
D. checked
【考点解析】 本题着重区别examine, test 和check, B项是“复习”的意思,显然不对｡A项侧重于检查以获取信息;C项侧重于测试性能;D项侧重于核实,核查｡而题意为查看邮箱,即对“收到生日卡片”的消息进行核实,故D项最佳｡
10. disappointment
【考纲释义】 n. 失望(不可数),令人失望的人或事 (可数)
【备考实例】
—How did you enjoy the performance last night?
—________! My favorite singer lost his voice and didn’t even appear.
A. What a failure
B. What a disappointment
C. How awful
D. What dissatisfactory
【考点解析】 本题依据语境,考查四个短语的意思｡答案为B｡我所喜爱的歌手失声,没有出场,当然是“令人失望的事｡”D 项中有语法错误,A,C项不合题意｡另外 disappointment还可用于to one’s disappointment
(令某人失望的是)这一短语中｡
11. astonish
【考纲释义】 vt. 使……惊异;使……大为吃惊
【备考实例】
Shelley,________the news, urged the doctor to explain more.
A. astonished at
B. excited by
C. surprised to
D. delighting with
【考点解析】 依据语法结构,本题考查过去分词短语作原因状语及分词与介词的搭配｡表示情感的分词往往与介词at连用,故答案为A｡B,C项均属搭配不当｡D项应用过去分词形式｡另外astonish还可用于下列句型中: be astonished to do sth. / to one’s astonishment 等｡
12. convince
【考纲释义】 vt. 使相信;说服
【备考实例】
After a two hour talk, she________the truth of the report.
A. was persuaded
B. was believed in
C. was convinced of
D. was advised
【考点解析】 此题考查动词的词义｡依据语境,此处主语是人,故整句的意思应为“她被说服,从而相信报告的真实性”,答案为C｡persuade, believe, advise均没有“使相信”之意,故不能选｡另外convince常用于下列句型中:sb. be convinced + that-clause.
例如:
I was more convinced than ever that he knew the truth.
二､ 重点短语
1. in reality实际上;事实上
【知识拓展】 与它意义相同的短语有:in fact; as a matter of fact
【注意】 in 表示“在……状况中;在……情况下”｡例如:
in a hurry; in trouble; in need; in love; in doubt etc.
2. keep an eye on 照料; 照管
【知识拓展】 give an eye to 照看;照顾________________ have an (one’s) eye on 留心; 注意
in one’s eyes (in the eyes of sb.)在某人看来;catch one’s eyes引起某人的注意;fix one’s eyes on ... 凝视……
3. take ... into account考虑;体谅
【知识拓展】 take ... into consideration 加以考虑(同义); take account of考虑;leave ... out of account 没考虑到,不要计较(反义); on account of 由于｡另外account可作名词有“叙述;报道;帐目”等意｡
4. as a whole就整个来看;作为一个整体
【知识拓展】 on the whole 总的说来
【注意】 on the whole 相当于 generally speaking意为“大致上;大体上”｡
5. live up to依照……行事;不辜负(期望)
【注意】 live up to one’s promise与keep one’s promise同义(使行为和……相符)｡例如:
We must continue to live up to (keep)our promises.
【知识拓展】 live还可构成其他词组:live on 靠吃……生活;live by doing sth.靠干……维持生计;live for为……而活
6. to begin with 首先;第一;起初
【知识拓展】to begin with相当于for the first reason 例如:
We can’t go. To begin with, it’s too cold, besides, we’ve no money.
【辨析】 to begin with往往在句中作状语;begin with(以……开始)在句中作谓语
试比较: The concert began with the National Anthem.
7. drop out退出;不再参加;退学
【辨析】 drop out of 从……退出例如:drop out ofthe race(退出比赛) / drop out of school(退学)
【知识拓展】 drop还可构成如下词组:drop in 顺便拜访;drop back后退;drop off 减少
8. result in 产生某种作用或结果;导致
【注意】 result in 相当于cause(引起) 例如:
His angry words resulted in(caused )a fight.
【知识拓展】 result from由……造成; 因……而产生;as a result 结果(作状语);as a result of (as a consequence of由于……的结果)
试比较: He worked hard. As a result,he passed the examination.
He passed the examination as a result of his working hard.
9. give attention to 注意
【知识拓展】 attention 还可构成下列词组: catch one’s attention 引起某人的注意;draw (arrest) attention引起注意;pay attention to ... (有意)注意……;turn one’s attention to sth.把注意力转向某事;focus(centre) one’s attention on 把注意力集中于……
【辨析】 pay / give attention to 表示人有意识地注意某事
catch / draw one ’s attention to 表示某事引起某人的注意例如:
The students paid attention to the words on the blackboard.
The words on the blackboard caught the students’ attention.
10. keep out挡住; 使进不去; 不要进来
【知识拓展】 keep out of 把……挡在……的外面例如:
The door kept the cold out of the room.
另: keep还可构成其他词组:keep on 继续/坚持;keep off 避开;keep pace 跟上/不落后;keep up 保持/持续;keep up with 跟上,不落在后面/了解(最新的情况)
11. turn out 关掉(电灯/煤气等);结果是……
【注意】 turn out = turn off关掉(电灯/煤气等)
作“结果是……”讲时,后面可接下列结构: turn out + adj. / adv.; turn out + n.; turn out + to be; turn out + that clause例如:
turn out fine / badly; turn out a disaster
The meeting turns out to be very interesting.
It turns out that this method does not work well.
12. be in love with与……相爱
【辨析】 be in love with 强调状态 (可与for 连用);fall in love with 强调动作 (不可与for 连用)｡例如:
Tom and Mary have been in love with each other for a couple of years.
Tom and Mary fell in love with each other at first sight.
【知识拓展】 类似的词组还有:be asleep / fall asleep; be married / get married; be ill / fall ill; be in trouble / fall into trouble; be in the habit of / fall into the habit of etc.
1. suspect
【考纲释义】 vt. 怀疑;疑心(有某种情况)
【备考实例】
The policeman ________ the thief of lying.
A. suspected
B. wondered
C. didn’t believe
D. doubted
【考点解析】 根据句意“警察怀疑小偷撒谎”及句型suspect sb. of sth.,答案应选A｡doubt 也有“怀疑”之意,但无此搭配形式｡B,C不合题意｡suspect 还可用于下列句型中:suspect sb. to be (to do sth.);suspect + that-clause｡另外:suspect 亦可作名词,意为“嫌疑犯”,“可疑对象”｡
2. efficient
【考纲释义】 adj. 有效的;效率高的
【备考实例】
I have worked with him for some time and have found that he is________than John. (2004上海春)
A. more efficiently a worker
B. a more efficient worker
C. more an efficient worker
D. a worker more efficiently
【考点解析】 根据语法结构,此处应填一个形容词短语来修饰名词“worker”,又依句意,句中应使用比较级,故选B｡A,D项为副词词组,不能修饰名词,C项中more修饰efficient,应放在其前面,故也不能选｡
3. expectation
【考纲释义】 n. 期望;希望;预计｡
【备考实例】
The famous writer suddenly turned up at the meeting________ ,________made us very happy.
A. out of everyone’s expectation; which
B. out of the expectation of everyone;that
C. to our delight; that
D. in our hope; which
【考点解析】 根据句子结构,逗号后部分应为一个非限制性定语从句,故只能用which,又因为没有in our hope 这个词组,故答案为A｡另外expect 还有下列句型:expect sb. to do sth.expect + that-clause; in expectation of“预期､期待”(有某种情况发生)之意｡如:He closed the window in expectation of rain.
4. congratulate
【考纲释义】 vt. 祝贺;道贺(常和on 连用)
【备考实例】
We sent them a telegram,________them on their success.
A. to congratulate
B. congratulating
C. having congratulated
D. for congratulation
【考点解析】 此题考查非谓语动词的用法,依句意｡现在分词短语作伴随状语,故答案为B｡A项不定式表将来,C项现在分词的完成式表动作发生于谓语动词之前,不合题意｡D项中名词不能带宾语｡congratulate还有下列句型: congratulate oneself (庆幸)｡例如:
Well, congratulate yourself that you resisted the temptation.
5. tendency
【考纲释义】 n. 倾向;趋势
【备考实例】
To our delight, our company’s business is showing a________to________ .
A. tendency; increase
B. tendency; improve
C. sign;stand
D. signal; raise
【考点解析】 此处考查动词词意｡答案为B｡business不能与increase搭配, (increase 的主语应为output, production, number之类事物)C,D项都带有浓重的汉语味道｡另外tendency还有“某种才能(可数)”之意｡例如: He has artistic tendencies.
6. character
【考纲释义】 n. 品质; 特性;性格;人物(包括文艺作品中的人物)
【备考实例】 He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his________was seen at its best when he worked with others. (2005上海)
A. temper
B. appearance
C. talent
D. character
【考点解析】 此题考查名词的词义｡character意为“特性;品质”;temper意为“心情;脾气”;appearance意为“外貌;外表”;talent意为“才能;天才”｡句意为:在与别人共事时,他证明了自己是真正的绅士,也证明他具有良好的品格,故选D｡
7. aspect
【考纲释义】 n. 方面(可数)
【备考实例】
What was written in the novel wasone of the most familiar________of life in France.
A. sides
B. ways
C. aspects
D. influences
【考点解析】 此题考查名词的词义｡根据题意,要说明的是“最熟悉的法国生活的一个方面”,故选C｡side不能用于指生活的“方面”,way “方法,方式”, influence“影响”,均不合题意｡
8. select
【考纲释义】 vt. 选择;挑选
【备考实例】
Della was going from shop to shop,________a nice Christmas present for her husband.
A. picking
B. selecting
C. choose
D. finding
【考点解析】 依据句法结构,此处应填分词短语作伴随状语｡答案为B｡不能填动词,故C不行｡pick out 才有“选择”之意,find强调“结果”,若表示“寻找”可使用looking for｡
9. check
【考纲释义】 vt. 检查;核查
【备考实例】
—Julia said she sent you a birthday card yesterday. Have you got it?
—Oh, really! I haven’t________my mailbox yet. (2005天津,8)
A. examined
B. reviewed
C. tested
D. checked
【考点解析】 本题着重区别examine, test 和check, B项是“复习”的意思,显然不对｡A项侧重于检查以获取信息;C项侧重于测试性能;D项侧重于核实,核查｡而题意为查看邮箱,即对“收到生日卡片”的消息进行核实,故D项最佳｡
10. disappointment
【考纲释义】 n. 失望(不可数),令人失望的人或事 (可数)
【备考实例】
—How did you enjoy the performance last night?
—________! My favorite singer lost his voice and didn’t even appear.
A. What a failure
B. What a disappointment
C. How awful
D. What dissatisfactory
【考点解析】 本题依据语境,考查四个短语的意思｡答案为B｡我所喜爱的歌手失声,没有出场,当然是“令人失望的事｡”D 项中有语法错误,A,C项不合题意｡另外 disappointment还可用于to one’s disappointment
(令某人失望的是)这一短语中｡
11. astonish
【考纲释义】 vt. 使……惊异;使……大为吃惊
【备考实例】
Shelley,________the news, urged the doctor to explain more.
A. astonished at
B. excited by
C. surprised to
D. delighting with
【考点解析】 依据语法结构,本题考查过去分词短语作原因状语及分词与介词的搭配｡表示情感的分词往往与介词at连用,故答案为A｡B,C项均属搭配不当｡D项应用过去分词形式｡另外astonish还可用于下列句型中: be astonished to do sth. / to one’s astonishment 等｡
12. convince
【考纲释义】 vt. 使相信;说服
【备考实例】
After a two hour talk, she________the truth of the report.
A. was persuaded
B. was believed in
C. was convinced of
D. was advised
【考点解析】 此题考查动词的词义｡依据语境,此处主语是人,故整句的意思应为“她被说服,从而相信报告的真实性”,答案为C｡persuade, believe, advise均没有“使相信”之意,故不能选｡另外convince常用于下列句型中:sb. be convinced + that-clause.
例如:
I was more convinced than ever that he knew the truth.
二､ 重点短语
1. in reality实际上;事实上
【知识拓展】 与它意义相同的短语有:in fact; as a matter of fact
【注意】 in 表示“在……状况中;在……情况下”｡例如:
in a hurry; in trouble; in need; in love; in doubt etc.
2. keep an eye on 照料; 照管
【知识拓展】 give an eye to 照看;照顾________________ have an (one’s) eye on 留心; 注意
in one’s eyes (in the eyes of sb.)在某人看来;catch one’s eyes引起某人的注意;fix one’s eyes on ... 凝视……
3. take ... into account考虑;体谅
【知识拓展】 take ... into consideration 加以考虑(同义); take account of考虑;leave ... out of account 没考虑到,不要计较(反义); on account of 由于｡另外account可作名词有“叙述;报道;帐目”等意｡
4. as a whole就整个来看;作为一个整体
【知识拓展】 on the whole 总的说来
【注意】 on the whole 相当于 generally speaking意为“大致上;大体上”｡
5. live up to依照……行事;不辜负(期望)
【注意】 live up to one’s promise与keep one’s promise同义(使行为和……相符)｡例如:
We must continue to live up to (keep)our promises.
【知识拓展】 live还可构成其他词组:live on 靠吃……生活;live by doing sth.靠干……维持生计;live for为……而活
6. to begin with 首先;第一;起初
【知识拓展】to begin with相当于for the first reason 例如:
We can’t go. To begin with, it’s too cold, besides, we’ve no money.
【辨析】 to begin with往往在句中作状语;begin with(以……开始)在句中作谓语
试比较: The concert began with the National Anthem.
7. drop out退出;不再参加;退学
【辨析】 drop out of 从……退出例如:drop out ofthe race(退出比赛) / drop out of school(退学)
【知识拓展】 drop还可构成如下词组:drop in 顺便拜访;drop back后退;drop off 减少
8. result in 产生某种作用或结果;导致
【注意】 result in 相当于cause(引起) 例如:
His angry words resulted in(caused )a fight.
【知识拓展】 result from由……造成; 因……而产生;as a result 结果(作状语);as a result of (as a consequence of由于……的结果)
试比较: He worked hard. As a result,he passed the examination.
He passed the examination as a result of his working hard.
9. give attention to 注意
【知识拓展】 attention 还可构成下列词组: catch one’s attention 引起某人的注意;draw (arrest) attention引起注意;pay attention to ... (有意)注意……;turn one’s attention to sth.把注意力转向某事;focus(centre) one’s attention on 把注意力集中于……
【辨析】 pay / give attention to 表示人有意识地注意某事
catch / draw one ’s attention to 表示某事引起某人的注意例如:
The students paid attention to the words on the blackboard.
The words on the blackboard caught the students’ attention.
10. keep out挡住; 使进不去; 不要进来
【知识拓展】 keep out of 把……挡在……的外面例如:
The door kept the cold out of the room.
另: keep还可构成其他词组:keep on 继续/坚持;keep off 避开;keep pace 跟上/不落后;keep up 保持/持续;keep up with 跟上,不落在后面/了解(最新的情况)
11. turn out 关掉(电灯/煤气等);结果是……
【注意】 turn out = turn off关掉(电灯/煤气等)
作“结果是……”讲时,后面可接下列结构: turn out + adj. / adv.; turn out + n.; turn out + to be; turn out + that clause例如:
turn out fine / badly; turn out a disaster
The meeting turns out to be very interesting.
It turns out that this method does not work well.
12. be in love with与……相爱
【辨析】 be in love with 强调状态 (可与for 连用);fall in love with 强调动作 (不可与for 连用)｡例如:
Tom and Mary have been in love with each other for a couple of years.
Tom and Mary fell in love with each other at first sight.
【知识拓展】 类似的词组还有:be asleep / fall asleep; be married / get married; be ill / fall ill; be in trouble / fall into trouble; be in the habit of / fall into the habit of etc.