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目的 :探讨儿童抗生素的使用现状及耐药性监测,旨在为临床上更好的使用抗生素提供依据;方法 :收集上述患者的病例基本信息及用药信息,分别对上述患者的姓名、年龄、性别、诊断、治疗及抗生素的使用情况进行分析。结果:(1)抗生素的使用现状:抗生素的使用例数为428例,使用率为100.0%,其中使用频率最多的为头孢噻肟,抗生素的使用方式主要为静脉给药;使用抗生素的时间在1-10天之间,其中1-3天者最多,抗生素的使用方式主要为单一使用。(2)耐药性监测:黄色葡萄球菌对青霉素的耐药性最高,占95.0%,表皮葡萄球菌对氨苄西林的耐药性高达87.0%,对四环素也具有较高的耐药性,超过50.0%,对其他抗生素也具有较高的耐药性,耐药性为18.0%;乙型溶血性链球菌对头孢类药物的耐药性为12.0%,对其他类抗生素的耐药性超过25.0%,肠球菌对抗生素的耐药性超过35.0%,肺炎球菌对青霉素、四环素、环丙沙星等抗生素均耐药,耐药率均超过50.0%,上述所有抗生素对万古霉素均敏感。革兰阴性杆菌对氨苄西林、哌拉西林均具有较高的耐药性,对头孢类的抗生素的耐药性在20.0%-60.0%之间,对铜绿假单胞菌、不动杆菌的耐药率为47.0%。结论 :儿童抗生素的使用率扔较高,革兰阳性球菌的使用比例逐年增加,建议医生在临床行医过程中要严格按照《抗菌药物临床应用指导原则》和《抗菌药物儿科临床合理应用指导意见》使用抗生素。
OBJECTIVE: To explore the current status of antibiotic use and monitoring of drug resistance in children so as to provide a basis for better use of antibiotics in clinical practice.METHODS: The basic information and medication information of the above patients were collected. The patients’ names, age, sex , Diagnosis, treatment and use of antibiotics for analysis. Results: (1) Antibiotics use status: The number of antibiotics used was 428 cases, with a utilization rate of 100.0%. The most frequently used antibiotics were cefotaxime. The antibiotics were mainly used intravenously. The time of using antibiotics was 1-10 days, of which the most 1-3 days, the use of antibiotics mainly for single use. (2) Drug resistance monitoring: Staphylococcus aureus is the most resistant to penicillin, accounting for 95.0%, Staphylococcus epidermidis resistant to ampicillin is up to 87.0% and tetracycline is also highly resistant to over 50.0 %, The other antibiotics also have high resistance, resistance was 18.0%; B. hemolytic streptococcus cephalosporins resistance was 12.0%, resistance to other types of antibiotics more than 25.0% Enterococcus was more than 35.0% resistant to antibiotics. The pneumococci were resistant to penicillin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and other antibiotics with resistance rates of more than 50.0%. All these antibiotics were sensitive to vancomycin. Gram-negative bacilli had high resistance to ampicillin and piperacillin, antibiotic resistance to cephalosporins was between 20.0% -60.0%, resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter The drug rate was 47.0%. Conclusion: The use of antibiotics in children throws higher, the proportion of Gram-positive cocci increased year by year, it is recommended that doctors in the practice of clinical practice should be strictly in accordance with “Guidelines for Clinical Use of Antibacterials” and “Guidelines for the Clinical Use of Antibacterials in Pediatrics” Use antibiotics.