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人是自由的,但是人却总是陷于不自由之中。这种不自由的状态,除了政治关系方面的被控制、被统治外,更基本的还在于人与人之间陷入的各种泯灭了个体之绝对性与独立性的功能性关系,以及人与物之间陷入的各种纯功能性的关系。由于陷于统治与被统治的关系,人失去了各种平等的自由权;由于陷于各种纯功能—功利性关系,人失去了突破现有关系的超越性力量,失去了超越当下物的未来眼光。因此,人不仅要求从政治压迫中解放出来,更需要不断从各种功能性关系中进行自我解放,以便重获自由,重归自身。人因自由而能不断进行自我解放,也因为解放而能不断重获自由。通过对耶稣与孔子所倡导的普遍之爱的分析将让我们发现,正因为自由才使我们能够真爱他人。作为一种行动,真爱(不管是普遍之爱,还是两性之爱)就是一种解放自己而解放他人的行为:把自己从由有限的尘世物构成的优势等级体系里解放出来。如果说在由尘世物决定的优势等级体系里,每个人都发挥着某种功能而充当着某种功能性角色,那么,当他从这种等级体系里摆脱出来时,也就意味着他退出了各种功能性角色,不再作为角色—工具存在,而是作为目的性的自身存在,也即作为他的本相存在。当孔子与耶稣在人类历史上最早地把普遍之爱确立为人间绝对而普遍的关系法则时,他们实际上也就在引发人类的一次解放运动:从过度的血缘亲情、等级关系、种族区隔,以及各种过度的功能性依附关系中解放出来。对于人类来说,正如需要通过政治解放与经济解放来摆脱奴役一样,也需要通过普遍之爱来实现对由尘世物决定的优势等级体系的摆脱,以使人人都回到他的天位,也即回到他的自由—自在的自身。
People are free, but people are always trapped in freedom. Apart from being controlled and ruled by the political relations, this state of non-freedom is still more fundamentally characterized by various kinds of functional relations that have infringed on the absolute and the independent nature of individuals and the relationship between people and people Into a variety of pure functional relationship between objects. Due to the relationship between rule and rule, people have lost all kinds of equal rights of freedom. Due to their being trapped in purely functional-utilitarian relationships, people have lost the transcendental power of breaking existing relations and have lost sight of the future beyond the present. . Therefore, human beings are not only required to be freed from political oppression, but also need to continuously liberate themselves from various functional relations in order to regain their freedom and return to themselves. Because of freedom, people can continue to liberate themselves, and because of liberation, they can continue to regain their freedom. An analysis of the universal love that Jesus and Confucius advocate will lead us to discover that it is precisely because of freedom that we are able to love others truly. True love (be it universal love or love of both sexes) acts as an act of liberating oneself and liberating others: liberating oneself from a hierarchy of superiority consisting of a limited number of things. If in the hierarchy of superiority decided by the worldly things, each person plays a certain function and plays a certain functional role, then when he gets out of this hierarchy, it means that he exits A variety of functional roles, no longer as a role - tool exists, but as a purpose of their own existence, that is, as his own existence. When Confucius and Jesus first established the universal love in human history as the law of absolute and universal relations of human beings, they were in fact initiating a liberation movement of mankind: from excessive blood ties, hierarchical relations, and racial divisions , As well as a variety of excessive functional dependencies. Just as human beings need to get rid of slavery through political emancipation and economic liberation, it is also necessary to realize, through universal love, the removal of the hierarchy of superiority decided by the worldly things in order to bring everyone back to his natural place, That is to return to his freedom - comfortable itself.