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与葡萄糖制剂相比,脂类制剂的完全胃肠外营养能通过周围静脉供给较多的热量和蛋白质。由于葡萄糖制剂的高渗作用需中心静脉给药,所用的中心静脉插管可能导致广泛化脓性病变、肺、代谢和其他一些併发症,故脂类制剂似较葡萄糖制剂优越。最近,在美国已应用一种等渗的10%的脂肪乳剂(Intralipid),可通过周围静脉常规地应用于胃肠外营养。此种脂肪乳剂含有大豆油(10%),蛋黄磷酯(1.2%),甘油(2.25%)和无热源的水。大豆油是精制品,由一些不饱和脂肪酸的中性甘油三酯所组成,主要的脂肪酸是亚油酸(54%),油酸(26%),棕榈酸(9%)和亚麻酸(8%)。10%的脂肪乳剂供给的热量为1.1佧/ml,其中的0.1卡来自甘油。
Compared with glucose preparations, the complete parenteral nutrition of lipid preparations can supply more calories and protein through the peripheral veins. Because of the hypertonic effect of glucose preparations to be administered intravenously, the central venous catheter used may lead to extensive purulent lesions, lungs, metabolism and other complications, so that lipid preparations appear to be superior to glucose preparations. Recently, an isotonic 10% lipid emulsion (Intralipid) has been applied in the United States and can be routinely applied to parenteral nutrition via the peripheral veins. Such fat emulsions contain soybean oil (10%), egg yolk phospholipids (1.2%), glycerol (2.25%) and pyrogen-free water. Soybean oil is a refined product consisting of neutral triglycerides of some unsaturated fatty acids. The major fatty acids are linoleic acid (54%), oleic acid (26%), palmitic acid (9%) and linolenic acid %). The 10% fat emulsion provides 1.1 佧 / ml of heat, of which 0.1 is derived from glycerol.