在社会主义国家,执政党最高领袖政治观念的转变,往往会很快地导致现实政治生活的变革。中国邓小平发动的改革,苏联戈尔巴乔夫进行的“社会革命”,都是以其政治观念的变化为前奏的。前者以务实的观念取代崇虚的狂热,后者则以适应社会变化的新思维代替僵死的旧思维。作为现实政治体系的一环,新闻事业的变革,与执政党领导的新闻观念的变化也是密切相关的。要把握今天苏联新闻事业的本质特征及其发展趋势,很有必要完整地 In socialist countries, the shift in the political concept of the ruling party’s supreme leader often quickly leads to changes in the realities of political life. The reforms launched by Deng Xiaoping in China and the “social revolution” by Gorbachev in the Soviet Union are all prefaced by the changes in their political concepts. The former replaced pragmatism with pragmatism while the latter replaced rigid old thinking with new ideas that adapt to social changes. As a part of the realistic political system, the reform of journalism is closely related to the change of news ideas led by the ruling party. To grasp the essential characteristics of the journalism in the Soviet Union today and its development trend, it is necessary to completely