本文介绍了新英格兰超验主义,超验主义者沃尔·特惠特曼和反超验主义者赫曼·梅尔维尔在各自作品中所表现出来的对超验论的不同态度。超验主义表现为自然、乐观,强调人和世的精神性,认为人的精神可以超越物质世界、感性世界、经验世界的种种限制,而生活就是为了发掘自我、表达自我、充实自我;而反超验主义则持不同态度,表现为悲观,相信人的不确定性,认为人在宇宙中的力量是有限的。 This article describes the different attitudes toward transcendentalism that New England Transcendentalism, Transcendental Walter Whitman and the transconversionist Herman Melville present in their respective works. Transcendentalism manifests itself in nature and optimism, emphasizing the spiritual nature of mankind and the world, believing that man’s spirit can transcend various limitations of the material world, the sensual world, and the experience world, and that life is to find oneself, express oneself, and enrich oneself; Empiricism holds different attitudes, shows pessimism, believes in the uncertainty of human beings, and believes that man’s power in the universe is limited.