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翻开世界各国和地区经济发展史,当人均国民生产总值突破1万美元时,经济增长率多明显下降。如何在提高人民收入的同时,维持经济的增长,一直是经济学家们探讨的问题所在。 造成随着人民收入的提高,经济发展趋缓这一普遍现象的原因大致上分为经济因素和非经济因素。 在经济因素方面,人民收入的增加固然体现了生活水平的提高,另一方面也促使需求增加。在需求的支持下,大部分商品由于大规模生产,使供给增加。但价格并未上扬。然而还有部分商品,如土地,由于供给是固定的,价格遂持续攀升,因而造成经营成本的上升。同时,人民收入的另一万面即为劳动力成本,人民收入的增加自然促使劳动力成本随着水涨而船高。
Opening up the history of economic development in various countries and regions in the world, when the per capita GNP exceeded 10,000 U.S. dollars, the economic growth rate dropped markedly. How to maintain economic growth while raising people’s income has always been a problem that economists have explored. As a result of the increase in people’s income, the reasons for the general phenomenon of slowing economic development are roughly divided into economic factors and non-economic factors. In terms of economic factors, the increase of people’s income certainly reflects the improvement of living standard, and on the other hand, it also drives up the demand. With the support of demand, most commodities have increased supply due to large-scale production. But the price did not go up. However, some commodities, such as land, continued to rise in price as supply was fixed, resulting in an increase in operating costs. At the same time, another part of the people’s income is the cost of labor. Increasing people’s income naturally causes labor costs to rise as the water rises.