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饮用水水源地是为公共饮用水供给系统提供原水的区域,其管理效果直接影响供水安全与人民身体健康,是水环境管理的重中之重。饮用水水源地具有公共物品属性、受益者明确、保护的外部性、多种地域关系等特性,对其管理体制安排提出了特殊要求。文章利用利益相关者理论剖析饮用水水源地管理中不同利益相关方的利益要求、作用与权力。在此基础上重点分析水源地管理责任主体安排的合理性、现有水源地管理体制重要的利益相关方的完整性、有效激励与监督机制是否存在三个问题。最终,提出进行饮用水水源地管理体制创新的途径,包括:突破属地管理的局限,让动机和能力匹配的主体承担相应的管理角色;提供途径,将重要利益相关方纳入;将水源地管理更充分地纳入流域管理体系。
Drinking water source area is the area that supplies raw water for public drinking water supply system. Its management effect directly affects the safety of water supply and people’s health. It is the top priority of water environment management. Drinking water sources have the characteristics of public goods, clear beneficiaries, protection of externalities, a variety of geographical relations and other characteristics of its management system arrangements put forward special requirements. The article uses the theory of stakeholder to analyze the requirements, functions and powers of different stakeholders in the management of drinking water sources. On the basis of this, it analyzes the rationality of arrangement of main body of water source management responsibility, the integrity of stakeholders that are important in the management system of water source, and whether there are three problems in effective incentive and supervision mechanism. Finally, it puts forward ways to innovate the management system of drinking water sources, including: breaking through the limitations of territorial management, allowing the subjects with the matching motivation and ability to assume corresponding management roles, providing ways to include important stakeholders, Fully integrated into the watershed management system.