在中国文学民族性的建构中,可以有很多层面的深入探讨。当代作家史铁生的小说《命若琴弦》中传达出的民族意识和民族精神是对全人类面临的“生存”“生命”命题的一种民族阐释。本文通过《命若琴弦》和《西西弗神话》中西文本的比较来凸显中国民族性的深刻和传承。从民族性的内涵和内容入手,从形而上的人类生存意识、生存状态的根源问题上,用比较的方法建构中国的民族性。 In the construction of nationality of Chinese literature, there can be many levels of in-depth discussion. The national consciousness and national spirit conveyed by the contemporary writer Shi Tiesheng’s novel “The Fatal Strings” is a national interpretation of the “survival” and “life” propositions confronting mankind. This article highlights the profoundness and inheritance of Chinese nationality through the comparison of the Chinese and western versions of “Like the String” and “The Myth of Sisyphus”. Starting from the connotation and content of nationality, from the perspective of the metaphysical consciousness of human existence and the state of subsistence, we construct the nationality of China by comparative method.