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江西是农业大省,是国家重要的粮食主产区。近10a来江西省干旱发生频繁,导致农业生产损失严重,威胁到农业的可持续发展。基于历史文献与资料,结合江西省农业厅的农业灾情调查数据和干旱指数最高的星子县、都昌县调研数据,着力分析近10a来江西省的干旱状况及其对农作物生产的影响,探讨农业干旱灾害的成因。研究结果表明:江西干旱灾害以秋旱为主,近10a年对江西的粮食和棉花生产造成重大损失,尤其是鄱阳湖区地区;江西农业干旱灾害的主要成因包括降水分布不均匀、红壤持水能力低、水利设施年久失修、植被结构破坏和易改变水文过程的大型水利设施建设。最后针对农业干旱灾害的主要成因,提出了减轻干旱灾害对农业生产不利影响的对策。
Jiangxi is a major agricultural province and is an important grain producing area in the country. Nearly 10 years of drought in Jiangxi Province have occurred frequently, resulting in serious loss of agricultural production and threatening the sustainable development of agriculture. Based on the historical documents and data, combined with the agricultural disaster investigation data of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Agriculture and the survey data of Xingzi County and Duchang County with the highest drought index, the paper analyzes the drought situation and its impact on crop production in recent 10 years in Jiangxi Province, Causes of Droughts. The results show that the main drought disaster in Jiangxi province is the autumn drought, which has caused great loss to the grain and cotton production in Jiangxi Province in recent ten years, especially in Poyang Lake area. The main causes of agricultural drought disaster in Jiangxi Province include uneven distribution of precipitation, Low, disrepair of water conservancy facilities, vegetation structure damage and easy to change the hydrological process of large-scale water conservancy facilities. Finally, aiming at the main causes of agricultural drought disaster, the countermeasures to mitigate the adverse effects of drought disaster on agricultural production were put forward.