铝佐剂是目前应用最为广泛的疫苗佐剂,但其促进免疫反应的机制及其影响因素尚未完全明确。铝佐剂作用机制的前期研究主要集中于储存库效应、促吞噬效应及炎性反应等。进一步研究发现,铝佐剂在机体的固有免疫、获得性免疫、补体系统的反应中均发挥一定作用。除铝佐剂自身因素之外,抗原方面及铝佐剂与抗原的相互作用等均对其效应存在影响。在了解铝佐剂的特点、作用机制及其影响因素的基础上,研究人员正致力于通过改变铝佐剂的理化性质、优化疫苗配方等途径来确保铝佐剂疫苗工艺的稳定性和良好的免疫原性。本文就铝佐剂的作用机制、影响其效应的主要因素及铝佐剂疫苗的改进作一综述。 Aluminum adjuvant is currently the most widely used vaccine adjuvant, but its mechanism to promote immune response and its influencing factors have not yet been completely elucidated. Early studies on the mechanism of action of aluminum adjuvant have focused on the stockpile effect, phagocytosis and inflammatory response. Further study found that aluminum adjuvant in the body’s innate immunity, adaptive immunity, complement system reactions all play a role. In addition to the aluminum adjuvant itself factors, the antigen aspect and the aluminum adjuvant and antigen interactions have an impact on their effects. On the basis of understanding the characteristics, mechanism and influencing factors of aluminum adjuvant, researchers are committed to ensuring the stability of aluminum adjuvant vaccine process by changing the physicochemical properties of aluminum adjuvant and optimizing the formulation of vaccine. Immunogenicity. In this paper, the mechanism of aluminum adjuvant, the main factors that affect its effect and the improvement of aluminum adjuvant vaccine are reviewed.