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目的：分析重庆万州区流行性腮腺炎的流行病学特点，为采取有效防控措施提供依据。方法采用回顾性调查方法，对万州区2011年1月—2014年12月流行性腮腺炎疫情资料进行流行病学统计分析。结果共报告流行性腮腺炎2785例，无死亡病例，流行性腮腺炎发病率为44．02／10万。发病人群年龄段主要为＜15岁，占总发病人数的84．45％（2352／2785）。病例的职业分布主要为学生（1674例，60．11％）。4—7月和10—12月为发病高峰期，2013年10—12月病例数有明显升高。2011—2014年各年度发病率比较，差异有统计学意义（χ2＝40．52，P ＜0．01）。城区街道流行性腮腺炎发病率为63．99／10万，乡镇为32．13／10万，两者比较，差异有统计学意义（χ2＝20．168，P ＜0．01）；2011—2014年各年度城区街道与乡镇流行性腮腺炎发病率比较，差异均有统计学意义（均 P ＜0．05），且除2012年外，其余各年度城区街道发病率均高于乡镇。结论应做好传染病防治的“五早”，加强免疫接种麻疹－腮腺炎－风疹三联疫苗（MMR）或流行性腮腺炎疫苗，特别是学生和幼托儿童，普及流行性腮腺炎防控知识，提高诊疗水平并加强疫情监测。“,”Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of epidemic mumps in Chongqing Wanzhou district,and provide scientific basis for taking effective prevention and control measures.Methods Epidemic data of mumps in Wanzhou district from January 2011 to December 2014 were investigated retrospectively.Results A total of 2 785 cases of epidemic mumps were reported,there was no death case,the incidence of mumps was 44.02/100 000.Incidence of mumps in population under 15 years old was the highest,accounting for 84.45% (2 352/2 785 ).Mumps mainly occurred among students (1 674 cases,60.11 %).The peaks were from April to July and Oc-tober to December,the number of mumps increased significantly from October to December in 2013.Difference in incidence among each year of 2011 -2014 was statistically different(χ2 =40.52,P <0.01).Incidence of mumps was statistically different between the city streets and villages/towns(63.99/100 000 vs 32.13/100 000,χ2 =20.168,P<0.01).Incidence was statistically different between the city streets and villages/ towns each year of 2011 -2014 (all P < 0.01 ),except 2012,the incidence of mumps of city streets was significantly higher than villages/ towns. Conclusion It is important to conduct “Five early”for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases,strength-en the vaccination of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR)vaccine or vaccine against epidemic mumps,especially thevaccination for students and children in nurseries,popularize the knowledge about prevention and control of mumps, improve diagnosis and treatment level,and strengthen the epidemic monitoring.