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改革开放以来,北京、上海等一线大城市的规模快速成长。和改革开放之前的计划经济时代相比,控制一线城市规模的思想和政策目标是一贯的,但所采取的主要措施变化较大。计划经济时代动员一线大城市人口外迁的做法停止了,改革开放之后一线城市主要依靠提高落户条件来限制外来人口的迁入。但这样的措施只能控制一线大城市户籍人口的增长,对控制一线城市的常住人口规模的作用不大。从历史经验出发思考一线大城市的人口规模问题,或能有新的启示。
Since the reform and opening up, the scale of first-tier cities such as Beijing and Shanghai has grown rapidly. Compared with the era of planned economy before the reform and opening up, the ideas and policy objectives for controlling the size of the Tier 1 cities were consistent, but the major measures adopted varied greatly. In the era of planned economy, mobilization of large-scale population migration in the first-line cities stopped. After the reform and opening up, the first-tier cities mainly relied on the improvement of settlement conditions to limit the migration of migrants. However, such measures can only control the population growth of hukou in the first-tier cities and will not do much to control the size of the resident population in the first-tier cities. From historical experience, consider the population size of first-tier cities or give new insights.