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应用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）技术对７８例患者的痰、支气管肺泡灌洗液（ＢＡＬＦ）和胸水标本进行结核菌检测；并同时进行涂片抗酸染色、皮肤结核菌素试验及血结核菌抗体检测。结果：ＰＣＲ阳性率为４６．１５％，与涂片镜检、结核菌素试验强阳性、血结核菌抗体阳性率（分别为３．８５％、１７．９５％、１１．５４％）相比均有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。由此可见ＰＣＲ方法比传统方法具有更高的结核杆菌检出率。
Mycobacterium tuberculosis was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 78 patients with sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and pleural effusion samples; at the same time smear antacid staining, skin test of tuberculin and blood tuberculosis Antibody detection. Results: The positive rate of PCR was 46.15%, which was significantly higher than that of smear microscopy, tuberculin test and antibody against M. tuberculosis (3.85%, 17.95%, 11.54% respectively) There was significant difference (P <0.05). This shows that the PCR method has a higher detection rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis than the traditional method.