绿色荧光蛋白（ｇｒｅｅｎ－ｆｌｕｏｒｅｓｃｅｎｔｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ，ＧＥＰ）是由２３８个氨基酸组成的多肽。通过翻译后的加工形成生色基团，在无任何协同因子、底物或附加基因产物存在的情况下就能产生稳定的荧光，而且这种荧光很容易通过荧光显微镜或荧光激活的细胞分拣器（ｆｌｕｏｒｅｓｅｎｃｅ－ａｃｔｉｖａｔｅｄｃｅｌｓｏｒｔｅｒ，ＦＡＣＳ）分析而在活细胞中被检测到。因此，ＧＦＰ是一种全新的、应用广泛的遗传标记（ｇｅｎｅｔｉｃｍａｒｋｅｒ）和蛋白质标签（ｐｒｏｔｅｉｎｔａｇ）。本文概述ＧＦＰ的分子结构，发光机制及其在转基因表达中的应用。 Green-fluorescent protein (GEP) is a polypeptide of 238 amino acids. The formation of chromophores through post-translational processing produces stable fluorescence in the absence of any synergistic factors, substrates or additional gene products, and the fluorescence is easily sorted by fluorescence microscopy or fluorescence-activated cells (Fluoresence-activatedcelsorter, FACS) analysis was detected in living cells. Therefore, GFP is a new, widely used genetic marker and protein tag. This article summarizes the molecular structure of GFP, the mechanism of light emission and its application in transgene expression.