病例介绍[例1] 杨××,男,29岁,住院号35717,因在烈日下步行2～3小时后出现高热、汗闭、神志不清、昏厥,于1980年7月24日急诊入院。体检:体温39.7℃,脉搏120次/分,血压130/100毫米汞柱,急性病容,中度昏迷,皮肤干燥灼热,瞳孔0.2厘米,两侧等大,对光反射迟钝,巩膜、皮肤无黄染,颈稍有抵抗,心肺无异常,腹部平坦,肝脾不肿大,四肢无瘫痪,左侧踝阵挛(+),左侧巴氏征(±)。实验室检查:红细胞380万/立方毫米,血红蛋白11克%,白细胞4,200/立方毫米,中性粒细胞78%.尿常规、脑脊髓液检查均无异常.血钾4.6毫当量/升、钠134毫当量/升、氯化物100毫当量/升、二氧化碳结合力45容积%、尿素氮20毫 Case description [Example 1] Yang XX, male, 29 years old, hospital number 35717, due to hot weather in the hot sun 2 to 3 hours later, Khan closure, confusion, fainting, July 24, 1980 emergency admission . Physical examination: body temperature 39.7 ℃, pulse 120 beats / min, blood pressure 130/100 mm Hg, acute disease, moderate coma, dry skin, pupil 0.2 cm, both sides of the other large, slow light reflex, sclera, Dye, slightly resistant neck, no abnormal heart and lungs, flat abdomen, enlarged liver and spleen, no paralysis of limbs, left ankle clonus (+) and left popliteal sign (±). Laboratory tests: erythrocytes 3.8 million / cubic mm, hemoglobin 11 g%, white blood cells 4,200 / cubic mm, neutrophils 78% .Normal urinary routine examination of cerebrospinal fluid were normal. Potassium 4.6 milliequivalents / liter, sodium 134 Milliequivalents / liter, 100 milliequivalents / liter of chloride, 45% by volume of carbon dioxide binding force, 20 milliliters of urea nitrogen